Custom eBook for Organic Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9798214171104
Author: Straumanis
Publisher: Cengage Custom
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 6E
For each element, predict (and draw a Lewis structure of) the most commonly occurring ion (some of these have a charge greater than
a. sulfur c. magnesium
b. iodine d. oxygen
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Lewis structure for each of the following atoms.a. Rb (Z = 37) d. Ba (Z = 56)b. Cl (Z = 17) e. P (Z = 15)c. Kr (Z =36) f. At (Z = 85)
c) Explain which would have the lowest second ionization energy.
Explain which species in each of the following pairs would have the greater electronegativity.
a. lithium or nitrogen
b. sulfur or selenium
Consider the following table of ionization energies in kJ/mole.
Element
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
Na
496
4562
6912
9544
13353
16610
738
1451
7733
Mg
Al
10540
13630
17995
18378
578
1817
2745
11577
14831
Si
786
1577
3232
4356
16091
19785
P
1012
1903
2912
4957
6274
21269
a. Explain why the first ionization energy generally increases as one goes down the group of elements
listed above.
b. Explain why for a particular element , the second ionization energy is greater than the first jonization
energy, the third is greater than the second etc.
c. Explain why Mg has a higher first ionization energy than does Na, but a lower second ionization
energy than does Na.
d. Explain why for aluminum there is a large increase in ionization from 3rd to 4th
6. Write the singly bonded Lewis dot structure for BF3. Which of the following statements
best describes this structure?
A. It obeys the octet rule on all atoms.
B. It has less than an octet on at least one atom.
C. It has a lone pair of electrons on the boron atom.
D. It has less than an octet of electrons on all atoms.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Custom eBook for Organic Chemistry
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 2 - The valence shell of an atom in a legitimate Lewis...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 2 - It is impossible to draw a legitimate Lewis...Ch. 2 - Describe how to calculate the total number of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 9CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 10CTQ
Ch. 2 - Prob. 11CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 12CTQCh. 2 - A complete Lewis structure must show all nonzero...Ch. 2 - Prob. 14CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 15CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 16CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 17CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 18CTQCh. 2 - Complete the rest of the table for N, O or X by...Ch. 2 - Prob. 20CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 21CTQCh. 2 - Make a checklist that can be used to determine if...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2ECh. 2 - Prob. 3ECh. 2 - Draw the Lewis structure of a neutral molecule...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5ECh. 2 - For each element, predict (and draw a Lewis...Ch. 2 - Predict which of the following species is least...Ch. 2 - The molecules BH3 and SF6 and the ion SO42 exist...Ch. 2 - These are NOTlegitimate Lewisstructures (and...Ch. 2 - Fill in missing formal charges where needed (all...Ch. 2 - Below each structure in the previous question is a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12ECh. 2 - Carbon monoxide (CO) is an example of an overall...Ch. 2 - Explain why this Lewis structure for CO is not as...Ch. 2 - Prob. 15ECh. 2 - Prob. 16ECh. 2 - Prob. 17ECh. 2 - Prob. 18ECh. 2 - Prob. 19E
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- For three simple molecules of your own choice, apply the rules for writing Lewis structures. Write your discussion as if you are explaining the method to someone who is not familiar with Lewis structures.arrow_forwardA. State the Octet Rule.B. Write the Lewis symbol of neon. Is the neon atom stable? Does neon exist as atoms in nature? If not, how does neon exist in nature.C. Write the Lewis symbol of nitrogen. Is the nitrogen atom stable? Does nitrogen exist as atoms in nature? If not, how does nitrogen exist in nature.arrow_forwardWhy does the octet rule not apply to transition metals? a. the octet rule does apply to transition metals as they are all classified as metals b. transition metals do not form cations or anions c. most transition elements form ions with more than one positive charge d. transition elements cannot be assigned with charges to form ions What do you call the process of positive and negative ions of an ionic compound separating from each other when solubilized in water? a. dissociation b. solubilization c. differentiation d. precipitation Which of the following statements is considered true? a. The size of an atom is determined by the size of the outermost occupied orbital b. Higher ionization energy means that the electron is more difficult to remove c. both are correct d. both are incorrectarrow_forward
- Which is the correct number of electrons in the Lewis structure for NH3 A. zero B.one C.four D.eightarrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures for each atom, assigning the correct number of valence electrons and the correct charges. a. Na + Cl NaClb. Zn + O ZnOc. Mg + 2I IMgIarrow_forwardchalcogen 10. It is a measure of how equally the electrons in a bond are distributed between the two atoms involved in a covalent bond. A polarity B. octet rule C. ionization energy D. electron affinityarrow_forward
- Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule for each of the following. a. HCN b. PH3 c. CHCl3 d. NH4+ e. H2CO f. SeF2 g. CO2 h. O2 i. HBr Except for HCN and H2CO, the first atom listed is the central atom. For HCN and H2CO , carbon is the central atom.arrow_forward1. Draw Lewis Structures (including resonance structures if applicable) for the following molecules/ions: A. NO3– B. NO2– C. NO2+ D. O3 2. Which of the following items in Number 1 are isoelectronic?arrow_forwardAnswer both partsarrow_forward
- In drawing Lewis structures what does octet rule mean? O a. atoms lose electrons until they have only 8 electrons left O b. atoms are stable if they have 8 p electrons OC. Atoms are the most stable if they have 8 valence electronsarrow_forwardU is a made up element and contains 5 valence electrons E is a made up element and contains 6 valence electrons Calculate the total valence electrons does UE2 Draw the Lewis structure of UE2 UE2 is considered a highly reactive chemical. Using your knowledge of Lewis structure, explain why that is?arrow_forward2. Avogadro does not "waste" his time drawing a Lewis structure before determining the shape of PF3. He thinks that the shape of PF3 must be trigonal planar because there are three fluorine atoms bonded to the central phosphorus atom. a. Draw the Lewis structure for PF3. b. Was Avogadro's answer for the shape of a PF3 molecule correct? Explain c. Why is it important to draw the Lewis structure for a molecule before identifying the shape of the molecule? 3. Draw the Lewis structure of ozone, O3. Describe why ozone has a bent shape instead of a linear shape.arrow_forward
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