Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134089089
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Seth Shostak
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 26TYU
Newton’s law of gravity explains the orbits of planets around other stars just as well as it explains the orbits of planets in our own solar system.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Describe at least three characteristics of Greek...Ch. 2 - What do we mean by a model of nature? Summarize...Ch. 2 - What is apparent retrograde motion, and why was it...Ch. 2 - Who first proposed the idea that Earth is a planet...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5RQCh. 2 - What was the Copernican revolution, and how did it...Ch. 2 - Why didnt Copernicuss model gain immediate...Ch. 2 - State and explain each of Keplers laws of...Ch. 2 - Briefly describe three reasonable objections to...Ch. 2 - How did Newtons discoveries about the laws of...
Ch. 2 - How did the Copernican revolution affect scholarly...Ch. 2 - What is the difference between a hypothesis and a...Ch. 2 - Describe each of the three hallmarks of science...Ch. 2 - What is Occams razor? Give an example of how it...Ch. 2 - Why doesnt science accept personal testimony as...Ch. 2 - In what sense is gravity both a fact and a theory?...Ch. 2 - What is Newtons universal law of gravitation?...Ch. 2 - Prob. 18RQCh. 2 - Lionel Messi is the best soccer player of his...Ch. 2 - Several kilometers below its surface, Europa has...Ch. 2 - My house is haunted by ghosts, who make the...Ch. 2 - There are no lakes or seas on Mars today.Ch. 2 - All life in the universe must use DNA as its...Ch. 2 - Children born when Jupiter is in the constellation...Ch. 2 - Prob. 25TYUCh. 2 - Newtons law of gravity explains the orbits of...Ch. 2 - God created the laws of motion that were...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28TYUCh. 2 - In Ptolemys geocentric model, the retrograde...Ch. 2 - Which of the following was not a major advantage...Ch. 2 - Earth is closer to the Sun in January than in...Ch. 2 - According to Keplers third law, (a) Mercury...Ch. 2 - Tycho Brahes contributions to astronomy included...Ch. 2 - Galileos contributions to astronomy included (a)...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is not true about...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is not true about a...Ch. 2 - How did the Copernican revolution alter...Ch. 2 - When Einsteins theory of gravity (general...Ch. 2 - Greek Models. As we discussed in this chapter, the...Ch. 2 - Copernican Players. Using a bulleted list format,...Ch. 2 - Atomists and Aristotelians. The ancient Greek...Ch. 2 - Influence on History. Based on what you have...Ch. 2 - Sedna Orbit. The object Sedna orbits our Sun at an...Ch. 2 - Eris Orbit. The dwarf planet Eris, which is...Ch. 2 - New Planet Orbit. A newly discovered planet orbits...Ch. 2 - Halleys Orbit. Halleys Comet orbits the Sun every...Ch. 2 - Newtons Universal Law of Gravitation. a. How does...Ch. 2 - Science and Religion. Science and religion are...Ch. 2 - The Impact of Science. The modern world is filled...Ch. 2 - Absolute Truth. An important issue in the...Ch. 2 - Pseudoscience. Choose a pseudoscientific claim...Ch. 2 - Prob. 60WP
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- What evidence would need to be provided to refute the theory of gravity? Write 1-2 sentences.arrow_forwardWho gathered the data that were used to show that the planets travel in elliptical paths around the Sun? Who discovered elliptical orbits? Who explained them?arrow_forwardSuppose humans are successful in living on the moon. They would need GPS just like on Earth to be able to navigate to “Moonmart”. They launch a 500 kg satellite in a geosynchronous orbit around the moon. Assume the Moon’s mass is 7.35x1022 kg.The moon takes 708.7 hours to make 1 rotation, or 2,551,320 seconds. What is the satellite’s orbit radius? What is the satellite’s orbit speed? After 20 years, a newer GPS satellite is built, and they want to get rid of the old one. How much energy is needed for the original satellite to escape its moon orbit?arrow_forward
- Kepler's 1st law says that our Solar System's planets orbit in ellipses around the Sun where the closest distance to the Sun is called perihelion. Suppose I tell you that there is a planet with a perihelion distance of 2 AU and a semi-major axis of 1.5 AU. Does this make physical sense? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardA satellite is geostationary if it appears fixed in the sky as seen by an observer on Earth. Geostationary satellites are very useful for communication and a lot of them are in use. Access to geostationary orbit is regulated by international treaty and a spot in geostationary orbit is probably the most desirable "unreal estate" I can think of. What goes into making an orbit geostationary? Kepler's and Newton's laws, and location, location, location. We will determine how this works in these exercises. Kepler's first law in this context states that the orbit of a satellite is an ellipse with the center of the Earth at one focus. Kepler's second law states that the line joining the satellite and the center of the Earth sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time. Kepler's third law (in Newtonian form) relates the orbital period of the satellite to the semi-major axis of the orbit and the mass of the Earth. In order to appear geostationary, a satellite must have a circular orbit,…arrow_forwardWhy would Aristotles explanation of gravity not work if Earth is not the center of the Universe?arrow_forward
- According to Kepler’s second law, where in a planet’s orbit would it be moving fastest? Where would it be moving slowest?arrow_forwardKepler’s third law says that the orbital period (in years) is proportional to the square root of the cube of the mean distance (in AU) from the Sun (Pa1.5) . For mean distances from 0.1 to 32 AU, calculate and plot a curve showing the expected Keplerian period. For each planet in our solar system, look up the mean distance from the Sun in AU and the orbital period in years and overplot these data on the theoretical Keplerian curve.arrow_forwardThree possible planetary orbits are shown in Figure 7.9. According to Keplers first law, which orbits are possible and which are not? Explain. FIGURE 7.9arrow_forward
- A planet revolves around a certain star. At one point in the planet's orbit, called periapsis, it passes much closer to the star. Which of the following statements about periapsis is true? The planet's orbital period becomes shorter after every periapsis. The planet's orbital period becomes longer after every periapsis. The planet orbits with a slower speed during periapsis. The planet orbits with a greater speed during periapsis.arrow_forwardWhat is gravity and what is its effect on the human body?arrow_forwardUsing newton's law of gravitation. The Kepler's third law of planetary motion.arrow_forward
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