Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Which of the following is a description of an example of the second law of thermodynamics?
Some chemical energy in glucose transforms to chemical energy in ATP.
O
The kinetic energy of wind turns the blades of a wind turbine.
The chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to kinetic energy to drive a car.
The mechanical energy of flowing water turns a turbine.
Some chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to heat while driving a car.
Which of the following best describes a thermodynamically favorable (spontaneous) chemical reaction?
It has a ΔG that is greater than zero and is endergonic.
It has a ΔG that is greater than zero and is exergonic.
It has a ΔG that is less than zero and is endergonic.
It has a ΔG that is less than zero and is exergonic.
Consider a reaction with the following thermodynamic properties.
AH° 77.7 kJ
AS° -35.7 J/(K⚫ mol)
AG 88.4 kJ
This reaction:
has bonds in the products that are weaker than the reactants.
may have fewer and more complicated molecules in the product.
will proceed very slowly.
will be spontaneous at low temperatures.
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- Which of the following is TRUE regarding the second law of thermodynamics? The quality of the energy in the universe increases over time. The entropy of the universe is always increasing. Energy is conserved in the universe. The energy of the universe is always increasing. Entropy is conserved in the universe.arrow_forwardplease see attachedarrow_forwardWhich is not true regarding the 1st Law of Thermodynamics? Energy cannot be destroyed. Energy cannot be created Energy can change form. All are truearrow_forward
- infarrow_forwardImagine puffer fish swimming towards north at an angle of 90 In which habitat does it survive happily? What is effect of change in internal energy of liver of puffer fish due to global warming? Comment on above statement by keeping in view the first law of thermodynamics.arrow_forwardThe existence of life is dependents on bioenergetics to overcome the restrictions of thermodynamics. What does the term bioenergetics mean? Provide one well-structured example of how bioenergetics provides the necessary conditions required for life to exist given the restrictions of thermodynamics.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true of thermodynamically spontaneous reactions? O A. They are all energy-yielding They are all energy-consuming They all result in an increase in the temperature of the system They all result in a decrease in the temperature of the system В.arrow_forwardA certain chemical reaction releases 134. kJ of heat energy per mole of reactant consumed. Suppose some moles of the reactant are put into a calorimeter (a device for measuring heat flow). It takes 3.11 J of heat energy to raise the temperature of this calorimeter by 1 °C. Now the reaction is run until all the reactant is gone, and the temperature of the calorimeter is found to rise by 9.7 °C. How would you calculate the number of moles of reactant that were consumed? Set the math up. But don't do any of it. Just leave your answer as a math expression. Also, be sure your answer includes all the correct unit symbols. moles consumed = ولا 0x10 DO 0arrow_forwardFigure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown, and decide if it is endergonic or exergonic. In each case, does enthalpy increase or decrease, and does entropy increase or decrease?arrow_forward
- In which of the following conditions is the Gibbs free energy negative? O reaction is at equilibrium process is spontaneous O reaction is exothermic O process is not spontaneousarrow_forwardLife is sometimes described as a constant struggle against the second law of thermodynamics. How do organisms succeed in this struggle?arrow_forwardWhat statements concerning free energy change are true or false? a. Free energy change is a measure of the rate of a reaction. b. Free energy change is a measure of the maximum amount of work available from a reaction. c. Free energy change is a constant for a reaction under any conditions. d. Free energy is related to the equilibrium constant for a specific reaction. e. Free energy change is equal to zero at equilibriumarrow_forward
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