Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Which of the following is a description of an example of the second law of thermodynamics?
Some chemical energy in glucose transforms to chemical energy in ATP.
O
The kinetic energy of wind turns the blades of a wind turbine.
The chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to kinetic energy to drive a car.
The mechanical energy of flowing water turns a turbine.
Some chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to heat while driving a car.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the second law of thermodynamics?
The quality of the energy in the universe increases over time.
The entropy of the universe is always increasing.
Energy is conserved in the universe.
The energy of the universe is always increasing.
Entropy is conserved in the universe.
Which is not true regarding the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be destroyed.
Energy cannot be created
Energy can change form.
All are true
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- You and a friend are eating dinner together, and a number of events occur during your dinner that call to mind the Laws of Thermodynamics. Match each event to the most relevant Law of Thermodynamics. Your food is cooked on a propane grill, which converts the chemical energy from propane and oxygen into the heat used to cook the food, First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Your meals arrive, and your friend enjoys eating her steak, which contains chemical energy that will be converted into other forms of chemical energy within her body. After the meal, you go for a walk. The chemical energy from dinner will help generate ATP to fuel the skeletal muscles used for walking. The waiter brings a basket of bread, but as you eat it crumbs are scattered on the table. Your glass of water falls off the table and breaks into many pieces.arrow_forwardImagine puffer fish swimming towards north at an angle of 90 In which habitat does it survive happily? What is effect of change in internal energy of liver of puffer fish due to global warming? Comment on above statement by keeping in view the first law of thermodynamics.arrow_forwardState the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and discuss the implications of these laws as they relate to organisms.arrow_forward
- Which of the following describe energy unavailable to do cellular work? Group of answer choices Gibbs Free Energy Entropy Enthalpy delta Garrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of thermodynamically spontaneous reactions? O A. They are all energy-yielding They are all energy-consuming They all result in an increase in the temperature of the system They all result in a decrease in the temperature of the system В.arrow_forwardthis one represents an endothermic reaction. Things are similar: the flat line on the left (beginning of the reaction) is the total energy possessed by the reactant molecules; once again, kJ stands for energy in kiloJoules, thousands of Joules. The flat line on the right (reaction complete) is the total energy of the products. Since an endothermic reaction has a net absorption of energy (taking this extra energy from the surroundings), the products have higher energy than the reactants. Question: the energy of the reactant molecules is kJ. [to answer, simply identify the correct y-axis coordinate.] 250 200 PE (kJ) 150 100 50 Reaction pathwayarrow_forward
- Figure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown, and decide if it is endergonic or exergonic. In each case, does enthalpy increase or decrease, and does entropy increase or decrease?arrow_forwardHow it is that cells are making larger, more complex molecules, yet they do not defy the second law of thermodynamics? (note: cells are open systems not closed)arrow_forwardLife is sometimes described as a constant struggle against the second law of thermodynamics. How do organisms succeed in this struggle?arrow_forward
- Which of the following steps should be followed when performing kinetics experiments? the michaelis constant must be known the enzyme and substrate should not be mixed until just before the absorbance readings are taken reaction rates must be taken until reaction completion enzyme concentration must remain constantarrow_forwardWhat statements concerning free energy change are true or false? a. Free energy change is a measure of the rate of a reaction. b. Free energy change is a measure of the maximum amount of work available from a reaction. c. Free energy change is a constant for a reaction under any conditions. d. Free energy is related to the equilibrium constant for a specific reaction. e. Free energy change is equal to zero at equilibriumarrow_forwardThe first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant, but that the various forms of energy can be interconverted. Describe four different types of such energy transduction that occur in living organisms and provide one example for eacharrow_forward
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