Chapter 19.6, Problem 28BYGO

a) A consequence of the Frank-Starling law of the heart is that the outputs of the right and left ventricles match. Explain why this is important and how this match is made.b) The excitation-contraction matching mechanism within the heart muscle is different from that of the skeletal muscle. How might these differences be related to the difference between action potentials in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

Describe the action potential of an autorhythmic cell in the heart.a) Indicate how the opening and closing of each ion channel affects the membrane potential of the cell.b) Provide one similarity between the action potential of an autorhythmic cell and the action potential of a neuron.c) Provide one difference between the action potential of an autorhythmic cell and the action potential of a neuron.

Identify and describe the structure shown in the figure below. What role does this structure contribute to the functional myocardium? Identify the structure shown

Define Myocardial infarction (MI)?  Write the name of some biochemical markers for the diagnosis of MI?  Please briefly explain at your own words.

Explain the Frank-Starling Mechanism of the heart pumping.

The exact cause of blood clotting in the left atrium of the heart during atrial fibrillation (AF) is not known. In part it might be due to blood stasis (not moving) or it may result in combination with endothelial cells damage.  (A) What are the potential mechanisms that might drive clotting and what markers might you look for in the blood to predict potential risk?  (B) Other than treating the arrhythmia, what other pharmacological intervention might be provided to AF sufferers?

In a healthy heart, which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Depolarization of the interventricular septum occurs from right to left.B)The right ventricle depolarizes before the left ventricle.C) The wave of depolarization passes more quickly through the AV node than the Purkinje fibers.D) The QRS complex is predominantly upright in Leads I and II. E) The mean electrical axis is generally between +100 and +150 degrees.

In a patient given a cardiac glycoside, important effects of the drug on the heart include which of the following? a) Increased force of contraction. b)Decreased atrioventricular conduction velocity c)Decreased ejection time d)Increased ectopic automaticityAll of the above

Frank-Starling law of the heart states: if you increase the stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers you will decrease the force of contraction a greater end diastolic volume will produce a weaker contraction of the ventricle by increasing the force of ventricular contraction you will increase the end systolic volume if you increase the stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers you will increase the force of contraction.