Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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This textbook solution is under construction.
Students have asked these similar questions
Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and if false, replace the
underlined words with the correct one.
1. Heterochromatin is typically gene-rich and composed of
loosely-packed DNA that is transcriptionally active.
2. Molecular switches regulate the expression of genes by directing
where and when genes should be turned on or off depending on the
cell signal.
3. DNA Methylation and acetylation of histones are inverselycorrelated
4. Specialized cells produce specialized proteins derived from luxury
genes which are constitutively expressed.
5. In mammals, methylation patterns that regulate DNA structure and
gene expression become evident from the gastrula stage.
The following image shows the 'beads-on-a-string' model of DNA and the effects of histone
modification on chromatin structure.
What effect does histone acetylation have on Gene 1?
Gene 1
De-acetylation
Acetylation
Ac
Ac
Gene 1
Ac
Ac Ac
O Acetylation increases expression of Gene 1
O Acetylation decreases expression of Gene 1
O Acetylation causes a mutation in Gene 1
O There is no way to tell from this figure
You discover a histone variant that has more positive charge than conventional histone proteins.
What effect do you predict this histone variant would have when it is inserted into chromatin?
A decrease in the strength of histone-DNA interaction, making chromatin less condensed and increasing gene
expression
An increase in the strength of histone-DNA interaction, making chromatin less condensed and decreasing gene
expression
An increase in the strength of histone-DNA interaction, making chromatin more condensed and decreasing gene
expression
O A decrease in the strength of histone-DNA interaction, making chromatin less condensed and decreasing gene
expression
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Like Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an abnormal accumulationof substances within lysosomes. However, the lysosomes of individuals with Fabry disease show an abnormal accumulation of lipids. The defective enzyme is α-galactosidase A, which is a lysosomal enzyme that functions in lipid metabolism. The defect causes cell damage, especially to the kidneys, heart, and eyes. The gene that encodes α-galactosidase A is found on the X chromosome. Let’s suppose a phenotypically unaffected couple producestwo sons with Fabry disease and one phenotypically unaffecteddaughter. What is the probability that the daughter will have anaffected son?arrow_forwardGenes are not always active in cells. The cell has evolved to edit its chromatin state in accord with the energy needs of the cell and organism. What are these two kinds of chromatin called and how does chromatin modeling work in cells? Name four of the known families of chromatin remodeling complexes enzyme complexes that act directly on DNA to alter nucleosome composition in transcribed regions.arrow_forwardThe diagram below shows the structure of DNA from the level of a gene to a condensed mitotic chromosome. At each of the four locations marked, indicate how a gene may be regulated by selecting from the choices given. Some answer choices may fit into more than one position; however, you should use each answer choice only once. Choices given: Alternative splicing within the gene sequence can lead to different forms of mRNA. A promoter region can be blocked by another protein. Histone deacetylation can prevent DNA from unwinding. A regulatory region can be bound and increase transcription rates.arrow_forward
- A cultured mouse cell line has a mutation in a gene encoding a ribosomal protein. The mutant protein impairs the fidelity of translation such that incorrect amino acids are incorporated at higher rates than normal during protein synthesis. It also slows the rate of mRNA translation and increases the duration of the cell cycle, i.e., the mutant cells grow and divide more slowly. Researchers noted that these cells express higher levels of chaperone proteins than normal cells. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the elevated chaperone levels.arrow_forwardTypically, increased acetylation and decreased methylation of histone N-terminal tails in nucleosomes leads to removal of the protein components of the chromatin from the DNA relaxed packaging of the chromatin and increased transcription increased amounts of euchromatin relative to heterochromatin activation of topoisomerase tighter packaging of the chromatin and reduced transcriptionarrow_forwardWhich of the following is likely to be transcriptionally expressed? euchromatin and DNA with methyl groups euchromatin DNA with methyl groups DNA with acetylated histones euchromatin and DNA with acetylated histonesarrow_forward
- Small molecules binding to histone proteins also control gene expression by chromatin remodelling Group of answer choices No answer text provided. True No answer text provided. falsearrow_forwardWhy do chromatin remodeling factors exist? Remodeling factors are not essential but help regulate gene expression. Nucleosomes are intrinsically immobile on a biological timescale at physiological conditions. Remodeling factors are essential regulators of gene expression through covalent modification of histone tails.arrow_forwardMatch the following changes with the correct responses. (Some answers may be used more than once. Some answers may not be used.) Deacetylation of histones Methylation of cytosines a single nucleotide polymorphism, where adenine may be present instead of cytosine phosphorylation of cytosines is an epigenetic change that is an epigenetic change that [Choose ] is an epigenetic change that results in decreased gene transcription is not an epigenetic change ✓ is an epigenetic change that results in increased gene transcription is an epigenetic change that could either increase or decrease gene transcriptionarrow_forward
- Discuss the role of chromatin proteins in regulating gene expression. How does the three-dimensional structure of the chromatin affect genetic regulation? How do hormones influence genetic regulation?arrow_forwardIn eukaryotic chromatin, tightly coiled scaffolding proteins would indicate a region where genes are currently expressed at high levels. True or Falsearrow_forwardMatch each example of mutation to the correct effect on function. Hypomorphic mutation Hypermorphic mutation Antimorphic mutation Neomorphic A deletion results in the loss of part of a protein and the protein retains some of its normal activity. A mutant allele makes a protein with increased cataytic activity. A mutant form of a transcription factor binds new DNA sequences to activate different genes. A mutant from of a receptor protein interferes with the function of the wild-type receptor through heterodimerization.arrow_forward
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