Your father and your younger brother are confronted with the same puzzle. Your father’s garden sprayer and your brother’s water cannon both have tanks with a capacity of 5.00 L (Fig. P18.18). Your father puts a negligible amount of concentrated fertilizer into his tank. They both pour in 4.00 L of water and seal up their tanks, so the tanks also contain air at atmospheric pressure. Next, each uses a hand-operated pump to inject more air until the absolute pressure in the tank reaches 2.40 atm. Now each uses his device to spray out water—not air—until the stream becomes feeble, which it does when the pressure in the tank reaches 1.20 atm. To accomplish spraying out all the water, each finds he must pump up the tank three times. Here is the puzzle: most of the water sprays out after the second pumping. The first and the third pumping-up processes seem just as difficult as the second but result in a much smaller amount of water coming out. Account for this phenomenon.
Figure P18.18
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 19 Solutions
EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER
- A vertical cylinder of cross-sectional area A is fitted with a tight-fitting, frictionless piston of mass m (Fig. P18.40). The piston is not restricted in its motion in any way and is supported by the gas at pressure P below it. Atmospheric pressure is P0. We wish to find the height h in Figure P18.40. (a) What analysis model is appropriate to describe the piston? (b) Write an appropriate force equation for the piston from this analysis model in terms of P, P0, m, A, and g. (c) Suppose n moles of an ideal gas are in the cylinder at a temperature of T. Substitute for P in your answer to part (b) to find the height h of the piston above the bottom of the cylinder. Figure P18.40arrow_forwardA vertical cylinder of cross-sectional area A is fitted with a tight-fitting, frictionless piston of mass m (Fig. P16.56). The piston is not restricted in its motion in any way and is supported by the gas at pressure P below it. Atmospheric pressure is P0. We wish to find die height h in Figure P16.56. (a) What analysis model is appropriate to describe the piston? (b) Write an appropriate force equation for the piston from this analysis model in terms of P, P0, m, A, and g. (c) Suppose n moles of an ideal gas are in the cylinder at a temperature of T. Substitute for P in your answer to part (b) to find the height h of the piston above the bottom of the cylinder.arrow_forwardA pressure versus volume (pv) diagram for a system is shown in the figure. The arrows of the curve indicate the direction of the process, and the points of interest are labeled. The values for the points in the diagram are shown in the table. Volume (m3) Pressure (Pa) v0=27.4 p0=1.00×104 v1=19.3 p1=1.00×104 v2=16.0 p2=4.92×103 v3=13.3 p3=4.92×103 v4=13.3 p4=3.20×103 v5=7.51 p5=1.00×103 Calculate the amount of work done on the system from 0–2 (W02) and then for the entire curve from 0–5 (W05).arrow_forward
- A pressure versus volume (pV) diagram for a system is shown in the figure. The arrows of the curve indicate the direction of the process, and the points of interest are labeled. The values for the points in the diagram are shown in the table. Volume (m³) Pressure (Pa) 2 Vo = 27.8 po = 1.37 × 10ª Vi = 20.8 Pi = 1.37 × 104 V2 = 17.4 P2 = 6.18 × 10³ V3 = 13.9 P3 = 6.18 × 10³ V4 = 13.9 P4 = 2.64 x 103 Vs = 8.87 p5 = 1.00 x 10³ Volume (m) Calculate the amount of work done on the system from 0–2 (Wm) and then for the entire curve from 0-5 (Wos). Pressure (Pa)arrow_forwardhigh-pressure gas cylinder contains 50.0 L of toxic gas at a pressure of 1.35 × 107 Pa and a temperature of 25.0°C. Its valve leaks after the cylinder is dropped. The cylinder is cooled to dry ice temperature (-78.5°C) to reduce the leak rate and pressure so that it can be safely repaired. A) what is the final pressure, in pascals, in the tank assuming negligible amount of gas leaks while being cooled and that there is no phase change ? B) What is the final pressure in pascals if one tenth of the gas escapes during the process? C) to what tempature in kelvins must tank be cooled from inital state to reduce the pressure to 1.00 atm (assuming the gas does not change phase and there is no leakage during cooling)?arrow_forwardA high-pressure gas cylinder contains 50.0 L of toxic gas at a pressure of 1.55 × 107 Pa and a temperature of 25.0°C. Its valve leaks after the cylinder is dropped. The cylinder is cooled to dry ice temperature (-78.5°C) to reduce the leak rate and pressure so that it can be safely repaired. What is the final pressure, in pascals, in the tank, assuming a negligible amount of gas leaks while being cooled and that there is no phase change? To what temperature, in kelvins, must the tank be cooled from its initial state to reduce the pressure to 1.00 atm (assuming the gas does not change phase and that there is no leakage during cooling)?arrow_forward
- A pressure versus volume (pV) diagram for a system is shown in the figure. The arrows of the curve indicate the direction of the process, and the points of interest are labeled. The values 1 for the points in the diagram are shown in the table. Volume (m³) Pressure (Pa) Vo 25.8 Po = 1.00 x 104 3 Vi = 20.8 Pi = 1.00 × 104 V2 = 17.4 P2 5.34 x 103 V3 = 13.9 P3 5.34 x 103 V4 13.9 P4 3.20 x 103 5 Vs = 9.55 P5 = 1.00 x 103 Calculate the amount of work done on the system from 0-2 ( Wo2) and then for the entire curve from 0-5 (Wos). Volume (m³) -6.03 x104 Wo2 = J Incorrect -7.86 x104 Wo5 = J Incorrect Pressure (Pa)arrow_forwardA pressure versus volume (pV) diagram for a system is shown in the figure. The arrows of the curve indicate the direction of 1 the process, and the points of interest are labeled. The values for the points in the diagram are shown in the table. Volume (m³) Pressure (Pa) Vo = 25.8 Po = 1.00 × 104 3 Vị = 20.8 Pi = 1.00 x 104 V2 17.4 5.34 x 103 V3 = 13.9 Рз 3D 5.34 х 103 %3D V4 13.9 P4 3.20 x 103 Vs = 9.55 Ps 3D 1.00 х 103 Calculate the amount of work done on the system from 0-2( Wo2) and then for the entire curve from 0-5 (Wo5). Volume (m³) 79.81 x103 Wo2 Incorrect 107.09 x103 Wos Incorrect Pressure (Pa)arrow_forwardA cylindrical tank has a tight-fitting piston that allows the volume of the tank to be changed. The tank originally contains 0.110 m3 of air at a pressure of 3.40 atm. The piston is slowly pulled out until the volume of the gas is increased to 0.390 m3. If the temperature remains constant, what is the final value of the pressure?arrow_forward
- **64. A gas fills the right portion of a horizontal cylinder whose radius is 5.00 cm. The initial pressure of the gas - Unstrained spring Pin is 1.01 × 10$ Pa. A frictionless mov- able piston separates the gas from the left portion of the cylinder, which is evacuated and contains an ideal spring, as the drawing shows. The piston is initially held in place by a pin. The spring is initially unstrained, and the length of the gas-filled portion is 20.0 cm. When the pin is removed and the gas is allowed to expand, the length of the gas-filled chamber doubles. The initial and final temperatures are equal. Determine the spring constant of the spring.arrow_forwardA container holds 0.420 m3 of oxygen at an absolute pressure of 3.80 atm. A valve is opened, allowing the gas to drive a piston, increasing the volume of the gas until the pressure drops to 1.40 atm. If the temperature remains constant, what new volume (in m') does the gas occupy? HINT m3 Need Help? Read It Watch Itarrow_forwardA container holds 0.500 m3 of oxygen at an absolute pressure of 4.00 atm. A valve is opened, allowing the gas to drive a piston, increasing the volume of the gas until the pressure drops to 1.00 atm. If the temperature remains constant, what new volume does the gas occupy?arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax