Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135212905
Author: Dee Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 19, Problem 18RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The effect of constriction of afferent arteriole on glomerular filtration rate.
Introduction: The nephron is the smallest functional units of the kidneys. They are made up of different parts like glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted duct, distal convoluted duct, collecting duct, and Loop of Henle.
Summary Introduction
To determine: The effect of constriction of efferent arteriole on glomerular filtration rate.
Introduction: The different parts of nephron perform different functions, which include ultrafiltration and absorption of water and ions from the urine and excrete out the wastes and toxins from the body through urine.
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The distal nephron is able to fine-tune sodium and water balance because it can regulate reabsorption of sodium and water
independently of each other. This is unlike the proximal nephron, where an increase in sodium reabsorption will lead to an increase
in water reabsorption due to the creation of an osmotic gradient and free permeability to both sodium and water. How does
vasopressin affect water reabsorption in the distal nephron in response to a negative water balance?
Increased circulating vasopressin increases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.
O Increased circulating vasopressin decreases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.
Decreased circulating vasopressin increases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.
Decreased circulating vasopressin decreases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.
Aldosterone affects sodium balance by impacting sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. If MAP and/or GFR falls, how will this
system function?
Increased levels of aldosterone add epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) to the luminal membrane of the collecting duct.
Increased levels of aldosterone remove epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) from the luminal membrane of the collecting duct.
Decreased levels of aldosterone allow increased expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the collecting duct.
O Decreased levels of aldosterone decrease expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the collecting duct.
Explain why the filtrate becomes hypotonic as it flows through the ascending limb of the nephron loop. Also explain why the filtrate at the bend of the nephron loop (and the interstitial fluid of the deep portions of the medulla) is hypertonic.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 19.1 - Ion regulation is a key feature of kidney...Ch. 19.1 - What happens to the force of cardiac contraction...Ch. 19.2 - If net filtration out of glomerular capillaries...Ch. 19.2 - If net reabsorption into peritubular capillaries...Ch. 19.3 - Name one way in which filtration and secretion are...Ch. 19.3 - A water molecule enters the renal corpuscle from...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 7CCCh. 19.4 - Why is the osmotic pressure of plasma in efferent...Ch. 19.4 - If a hypertensive persons blood pressure is...Ch. 19.4 - If systemic blood pressure remains constant but...
Ch. 19.4 - A person with cirrhosis of the liver has...Ch. 19.7 - If plasma creatinine = 1.8 mg/100 mL plasma, urine...Ch. 19 - List and explain the significance of the five...Ch. 19 - List and explain the six major kidney functions.Ch. 19 - At any given time, what percentage of cardiac...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4RQCh. 19 - Arrange the following structures in the order that...Ch. 19 - Name the three filtration barriers that solutes...Ch. 19 - Prob. 7RQCh. 19 - What does the abbreviation GFR stand for? What is...Ch. 19 - Identify the following structures, then explain...Ch. 19 - In which segment of the nephron does most...Ch. 19 - Match each of the following substances with its...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12RQCh. 19 - Prob. 13RQCh. 19 - Prob. 14RQCh. 19 - Map the following terms. You may add terms if you...Ch. 19 - Define, compare, and contrast the items in the...Ch. 19 - What are the advantages of a kidney that filters a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 18RQCh. 19 - Diagram the micturition reflex. How is this reflex...Ch. 19 - Antimuscarinic drugs are the accepted treatment...Ch. 19 - Draw a section of renal tubule epithelium showing...Ch. 19 - Prob. 22RQCh. 19 - Read the box on hemodialysis on p. 603 and see if...Ch. 19 - Graphing question: You are given a chemical Z and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 25RQCh. 19 - Prob. 26RQCh. 19 - Dwight was competing for a spot on the Olympic...Ch. 19 - You are a physiologist taking part in an...Ch. 19 - If 140 liters of plasma are filtered in a day, and...
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- Why is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardWater and small solutes enter nephrons during ________. a. filtration b. reabsorption c. secretion d. both a and barrow_forward
- As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardExplain how the kidneys help to maintain the balance of acids and bases in extracellular fluid.arrow_forwardReabsorption depends on _________. a. osmosis across the nephron wall b. active transport of sodium across the nephron wall c. a steep solute concentration gradient d. all of the abovearrow_forward
- As a person ages, nephron tubules lose some of their ability to concentrate urine. What is the effect of this change?arrow_forwardDescribe (and label on a diagram) the structures of a nephron (including associated blood vessels) and give the functions of each structure.arrow_forwardFatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.arrow_forward
- Aldosterone affects sodium balance by impacting sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. If MAP and/or GFR falls, how will this system function? Group of answer choices Increased levels of aldosterone add epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) to the luminal membrane of the collecting duct. Increased levels of aldosterone remove epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) from the luminal membrane of the collecting duct. Decreased levels of aldosterone allow increased expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the collecting duct. Decreased levels of aldosterone decrease expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the collecting duct.arrow_forwardIf the efferent arterioles dilate or constrict, what happens to the glomerular filtration rate?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between filtration and reabsorption? Explain how hydrostatic, osmotic (or colloid oncotic), and osmosis influence fluid transport across the nephron.arrow_forward
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