Chapter 18.4, Problem 5RQ

An ideal transformer has no real or reactive power loss. (a) True (b) False

What is the purpose of a transformer? Draw the symbols for a transformer.

What are the advantages of correctly specifying a transformer most Suita ble for its application?

A single-phase, 50-kVA,2400/240-V,60-Hz distribution transformer has the following parameters: Resistance of the 2400-V winding: R1=0.75 Resistance of the 240-V winding: R2=0.0075 Leakage reactance of the 2400-V winding: X1=1.0 Leakage reactance of the 240-V winding: X2=0.01 Exciting admittance on the 240-V side =0.003j0.02S (a) Draw the equivalent circuit referred to the high-voltage side of the transformer. (b) Draw the equivalent circuit referred to the low-voltage side of the transformer. Show the numerical values of impedances on the equivalent circuits.

Rework Problem 3.14 if the transformer is delivering rated load at rated secondary voltage and at (a) unity power factor, (b) 0.8 power factor leading. Compare the results with those of Problem 3.14. -

A single-phase l0-kVA,2300/230-volt,60-Hz two-winding distribution transformer is connected as an autotransformer to step up the voltage from 2300 to 2530 volts (a) Draw a schematic diagram of this arrangement, showing all voltages and currents when delivering full load at rated voltage. (b) Find the permissible kVA rating of the autotransformer if the winding currents and voltages are not to exceed the rated values as a two-winding transformer. How much of this kVA rating is transformed by magnetic induction? (C) The following data are obtained from tests carried out on the transformer when it is connected as a two-winding transformer: Open-circuit test with the low-voltage terminals excited: Applied voltage =230V, input current =0.45A, input power =70W. Short-circuit test with the high-voltage terminals excited: Applied voltage =120, input current =4.5A, input power =240W. Based on the data, compute the efficiency of the autotransformer corresponding to full load, rated voltage, and 0.8 power factor lagging. Comment on why the efficiency is higher as an autotransformer than as a two-winding transformer.

A single-phase step-down transformer is rated 13MVA,66kV/11.5kV. With the 11.5 kV winding short-circuited, rated current flows when the voltage applied to the primary is 5.5 kV. The power input is read as 100 kW. Determine Req1andXeq1 in ohms referred to the high-voltage winding.

In developing per-unit circuits of systems such as the one shown in Figure 3.10. when moving across a transformer, the voltage base is changed in proportion to the transformer voltage ratings. (a) True (b) False

The ratings of a three-phase three-winding transformer are Primary(1): Y connected 66kV,15MVA Secondary (2): Y connected, 13.2kV,10MVA Tertiary (3): A connected, 2.3kV,5MVA Neglecting winding resistances and exciting current, the per-unit leakage reactances are X12=0.08 on a 15-MVA,66-kV base X13=0.10 on a 15-MVA,66-kV base X23=0.09 on a 10-MVA,13.2-kV base (a) Determine the per-unit reactances X1,X2,X3 of the equivalent circuit on a 15-MVA,66-kV base at the primary terminals. (b) Purely resistive loads of 7.5 MW at 13.2 kV and 5 MW at 2.3kV are connected to the secondary and tertiary sides of the transformer, respectively. Draw the per- unit impedance diagram, showing the per-unit impedances on a 15-MVA,66-kV base at the primary terminals.