Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17.1, Problem 1CSC
The tiny frog paedophryne amauensis was discovered by researchers purposefully searching for the source of an unusual sound, but sometimes similarity between two species can lead scientists to accidental discoveries. A previously unknown species of wild cat was inadvertently discovered by researchers who were sequencing the DNA of a house cat-sized South American wild cat called the tigrina. The DNA analysis revealed that many alleles found in the supposed tigrinas living in northeastern Brazil are not shared with other tigrinas. This finding suggested that the northeastern cats do not interbreed with other tigrinas and are therefore a different species. What prevents the two species from interbreeding?
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Since nucleotide sequences are more variable than amino acid sequences, you’ll use GAPDH nucleotide sequences to compare across the six taxa you’re analyzing. Suppose that you used BLAST to align all possible pairs of GAPDH sequences among lancelet, lamprey, bass, frog, turtle, and leopard. You would be able to construct the following table showing the percent similarity values across all six taxa.
Leopard
Turtle
Frog
Bass
Lamprey
Lancelet
Leopard
100%
83%
80%
81%
76%
74%
Turtle
–
100%
79%
79%
74%
72%
Frog
–
–
100%
79%
74%
71%
Bass
–
–
–
100%
77%
74%
Lamprey
–
–
–
–
100%
73%
Lancelet
–
–
–
–
–
100%
Now you can use this data (similarly to how you used the data in the character table) to build a phylogenetic tree. The distance between species in a tree is directly related to the amount of similarity between their gene sequences. For instance, two species will be closer together if the amount of similarity is high, or far apart if the amount of similarity is low.
Which…
Lion populations are found all over sub- Saharan africa. How do the sequences above reinforce or contradict the idea that populations of lions who are genetically similar live in the same geographic area?
An experiment has been initiated in a laboratory where recombinant DNA technology has been used to substitute the gene responsible for change of colour in chameleon with another gene responsible for “glowin-the-dark”. If this experiment is successful, chameleons carrying the “glow-in-the-dark” gene will not be able to change their colours any longer. Discuss the implication of these results in terms of ethics and conservation biology.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 17.1 - The tiny frog paedophryne amauensis was discovered...Ch. 17.1 - describe how biologists define species and explain...Ch. 17.1 - One way to determine the number of species on...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 17.1 - describe the biological species concept and...Ch. 17.1 - list some reasons why it can be hard to tell...Ch. 17.2 - describe the main types of premating and...Ch. 17.2 - provide examples of each type of mechanism?Ch. 17.3 - It is not surprising that the forests of New...Ch. 17.3 - describe the two general steps that are required...
Ch. 17.3 - Make a list of events or processes that could...Ch. 17.3 - One possible explanation for the distinctive...Ch. 17.3 - explain the difference between allopatric and...Ch. 17.3 - How might conservation scientists use the map...Ch. 17.3 - explain adaptive radiation and describe the...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 17.3 - interpret an evolutionary tree diagram?Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 4TCCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 17.4 - describe the main causes of extinction?Ch. 17.4 - If specialization puts a species at risk for...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 17.4 - Given that genetic isolation is the first step in...Ch. 17 - It is difficult to perform experiments that test...Ch. 17 - A species is a group of ________ that evolves...Ch. 17 - The biological species concept is difficult or...Ch. 17 - Define the following terms: species, speciation,...Ch. 17 - Fill in the following with the appropriate...Ch. 17 - Which of the following does not describe a...Ch. 17 - Many of the oak tree species in central and...Ch. 17 - Formation of a new species occurs when two...Ch. 17 - All instances of speciation require a. genetic...Ch. 17 - Review the material on the possibility of...Ch. 17 - The process by which many new species arise in a...Ch. 17 - Analysis of Rhagoletis fly populations in North...Ch. 17 - A drug called colchicine prevents cell division...Ch. 17 - A species may be at higher risk of extinction if...Ch. 17 - In the initial phase of allopatric speciation,...Ch. 17 - What are the two major types of reproductive...
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