Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Proto-oncogenes are the precursors of oncogenes, which are responsible for causing cancer. Mutations in proto-oncogenes lead to its activation into oncogenes. Oncogenes can be described as the mutated version of proto-oncogenes.
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Which of the following is NOT a way in which proto-oncogenes can change to become genes that induce cancer?
Group of answer choices
a. changes in a control element (enhancer) to increase transcription
b. gene amplification
c. changes in DNA sequence to produce a product that degrades rapidly
d. movement of the gene adjacent to a different control element to increase transcription
e. changes in DNA sequence to produce a product that is
Can you please answer questions 13,14, and 15 please
Proto-oncogenes can change into oncogenes that cause cancer.Which of the following best explains the presence of thesepotential time bombs in eukaryotic cells?(A) Proto-oncogenes first arose from viral infections.(B) Proto-oncogenes are mutant versions of normal genes.(C) Proto-oncogenes are genetic “junk.”(D) Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling...Ch. 16.1 - How do fruit fly maternal effect genes determine...Ch. 16.2 - Deitys egg donor and surrogate mother were...Ch. 16.2 - WHAT IF? If you were a doctor who wanted to use...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 16 - Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly...Ch. 16 - Cell differentiation always involves A. the...
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- With regard to human cancer cells, which of the following statements is true? A. Cancer cells within one tumor usually do not share common mutations B. Cancer cells generally have lost the ability to divide C. Oncogenes are non-human genes not related to normal genes in the human genome D. Mutations in DNA repair genes result in an increased chance of getting cancer.arrow_forwardCan you please answer 19, and 20 pleasearrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of a proto-oncogene? 1) cell cycle inhibitor 2) tumor suppressor 3) oncogene 4) repair enzyme 5) growth factor receptorarrow_forward
- The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene. Several years later, researchers showed that both p53 alleles are inactivated in some mouse cancers. This evidence suggests A. the p53 gene is an oncogene because inactivated alleles would produce mutated signal transduction proteins that would result in stimulating cell division. B. the p53 gene is an oncogene because the cell would overproduce transcription factors to compensate for the inactive alleles, resulting in increased cell division. C. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because inactivated alleles indicate a loss of protein function which allowed the cancer to develop D. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because the cell would produce too few transcription factors for gene activation, resulting in decreased cell division.arrow_forward13arrow_forwardIn what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated with cancer? Why? Group of answer choices 1. Tumor suppressor genes, because genes in this category are very important in the process of developing cancer. 2. Proto-oncogenes, because individuals who carry only one cancer-causing allele will have a wildtype phenotype. 3. Proto-oncogenes, because there are very few genes in this category, so mutations in them are rare. 4. Tumor suppressor genes, because individuals who carry only one cancer-causing allele will have a wildtype phenotype.arrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. cell transformation b. oncogene c. apoptosis d. early response gene e. delayed response genearrow_forwardWhich of the following describes an oncogene Group of answer choices A. a gene that stimulates cell division that is malfunctioning B. a cell whose normal function is to cause cancer C. a gene that controls body axes D. a hox gene E. a gene that prevents tumorsarrow_forwardWith regard to cancer cells, which of the following are true? A. Cancer cells are clonal, meaning that they are derived from many different cells that all underwent the same clonal mutation. Cells usually accumulate many mutations over time, and this results in cancerous growth. B. Almost all cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses. no Benign tumors are dangerous because they can easily invade surrounding tissue and spread to other locations in the body. DE. Cancer cells are unable to control their division.arrow_forward
- Please answer question 8arrow_forwardAlthough slow acting retroviruses lack oncogenes, retroviral infection can activate proto oncogenes leading to oncogenesis. a. Describe the mechanism of proto-oncogenes activation that can result from with infection with slow acting retroviruses. b. In what other ways can proto-oncogenes be converted to oncogenes?arrow_forwardWhy do cells have proto-oncogenes? What is their function? Use specific examples in your explanation.arrow_forward
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