EBK PHYSICAL UNIVERSE
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780100255036
Author: KRAUSKOPF
Publisher: YUZU
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 6MC
Quartz is
- a. a variety of feldspar
- b. a variety of white mica
- c. composed of calcium carbonate
- d. composed of silicon dioxide
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d) Suppose a mineral has three directions of cleavage (e.g., calcite). How many faces will a
crystal of the mineral have? Why?
Non-Foliated metamorphic rocks are usually found near
a. Glaciers
b. Intrusive ingenious rock
c. Oceans
d. Lava Flows
You have been given a clear, well formed mineral crystal to identify. Suppose the crystal volume is 45 cm³ , and
the mass is 97.65 g. Which of the following is the most likely composition of this sample?
Quartz: density = 2650 kg/m3
Calcite: density = 2710 kg/m³
Aragonite: density = 2930 kg/m³
Halite: density = 2170 kg/m³
Dolomite: density = 2840 kg/m³
Chapter 15 Solutions
EBK PHYSICAL UNIVERSE
Ch. 15 - The most abundant element in the earths crust is...Ch. 15 - The second most abundant element is a. iron b....Ch. 15 - Minerals are a. silicon compounds b. common types...Ch. 15 - The tendency of certain minerals to split along...Ch. 15 - Feldspar is a. relatively rare in the earths crust...Ch. 15 - Quartz is a. a variety of feldspar b. a variety of...Ch. 15 - A mineral that is not a silicate is a. quartz b....Ch. 15 - The ferromagnesian minerals are usually a....Ch. 15 - Igneous rocks have been formed by a. cooling from...Ch. 15 - Rocks that have been altered by heat and pressure...
Ch. 15 - Most crustal rocks a. were formed from compacted...Ch. 15 - A general characteristic of rocks of volcanic...Ch. 15 - Foliation occurs in a. sedimentary rocks b....Ch. 15 - An example of a foliated rock is a. marble b....Ch. 15 - An example of a light-colored, coarse-grained...Ch. 15 - Limestone may be metamorphosed into a. marble b....Ch. 15 - Shale may be metamorphosed into a. marble b....Ch. 15 - Mica is present in a. marble b. chert c. basalt d....Ch. 15 - Fossils are most likely to be found in a. granite...Ch. 15 - Most earthquakes are caused by shifts of rocks...Ch. 15 - Regions in which earthquakes are frequent are also...Ch. 15 - Relative to an earthquake of magnitude 5 on the...Ch. 15 - Which one or more of the following statements...Ch. 15 - The earths crust a. has very nearly the same...Ch. 15 - The part of the earth with the greatest volume is...Ch. 15 - The radius of the earths core is roughly a. 110...Ch. 15 - The rocks of the mantle are believed to consist...Ch. 15 - Among the reasons why the earths core is believed...Ch. 15 - The chief source of the energy that powers...Ch. 15 - The earths magnetic field a. never changes b. has...Ch. 15 - If we travel around the earth, we would find that...Ch. 15 - A rock readily attacked by chemical weathering is...Ch. 15 - The principal agent of erosion is a. groundwater...Ch. 15 - Which of the following is not produced by rivers?...Ch. 15 - Glaciers produce which one or more of the...Ch. 15 - The last stage in the erosion of a river is the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 37MCCh. 15 - A fairly fast valley glacier might have a speed of...Ch. 15 - Most of the groundwater present in soil and...Ch. 15 - An aquifer is a. a river or stream on the surface...Ch. 15 - The largest amounts of sediment are deposited a....Ch. 15 - Minerals deposited by groundwater in rock fissures...Ch. 15 - Most caves are produced by the solvent action of...Ch. 15 - The chief constituent of volcanic gases is a....Ch. 15 - Prob. 45MCCh. 15 - The most common volcanic rock is a. granite b....Ch. 15 - Prob. 47MCCh. 15 - Active volcanoes are not found a. in the West...Ch. 15 - A batholith is a a. fissure from which groundwater...Ch. 15 - Arrange these elements in decreasing order of...Ch. 15 - Do silicon compounds make up less than a quarter,...Ch. 15 - What is the relationship between rocks and...Ch. 15 - What mineral is most abundant in the earths crust?...Ch. 15 - Both cleavage and crystal form are characteristic...Ch. 15 - Graphite consists of layers of carbon atoms in...Ch. 15 - In the silicate minerals each Si4+ ion is always...Ch. 15 - How could you distinguish calcite crystals from...Ch. 15 - Are the mineral grains in an igneous rock usually...Ch. 15 - Granite and rhyolite have similar compositions,...Ch. 15 - Diorite is an igneous rock that has hardened...Ch. 15 - Obsidian is a rock that resembles glass, in...Ch. 15 - In what way does calcite differ from almost all...Ch. 15 - Of what rock do coral reefs consist?Ch. 15 - What is the nature of chert and why is it so...Ch. 15 - What kind of rocks are most abundant in the earths...Ch. 15 - What happens to the density of a rock that...Ch. 15 - Why is gneiss the most abundant metamorphic rock?Ch. 15 - The mineral grains of many metamorphic rocks are...Ch. 15 - Shale is a sedimentary rock that consolidated from...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the origin of limestone? (b) What rock...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between the foliation of a metamorphic...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between quartz and quartzite.Ch. 15 - How could you distinguish (a) chert from obsidian;...Ch. 15 - How could you distinguish (a) granite from gabbro;...Ch. 15 - Name the following rocks: (a) a rock consisting of...Ch. 15 - Name the following rocks: (a) a fine-grained,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 28ECh. 15 - Each step on the Richter scale of earthquake...Ch. 15 - What can be said about an earthquake whose...Ch. 15 - Why is the mantle thought to be solid?Ch. 15 - (a) Distinguish between earthquake P and S waves....Ch. 15 - In what part of the earth does the rock motion...Ch. 15 - An earthquake occurs far from an observing station...Ch. 15 - How does the radius of the earths core compare...Ch. 15 - Where is the earths crust thinnest? Where is it...Ch. 15 - What evidence is there in favor of the idea that...Ch. 15 - What is the source of the energy that powers most...Ch. 15 - (a) Why is it believed that the earths outer core...Ch. 15 - Why does a compass needle in most places not point...Ch. 15 - Why is it unlikely that the earths magnetic field...Ch. 15 - Prob. 42ECh. 15 - Why are igneous and metamorphic rocks in general...Ch. 15 - Both marble and slate are metamorphic rocks. Would...Ch. 15 - In what way is the weathering of rock important to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 46ECh. 15 - Is there a limit to the depth to which streams can...Ch. 15 - Why are streams and rivers so effective as agents...Ch. 15 - Under what circumstances does a glacier form?Ch. 15 - Which is the more important agent of erosion...Ch. 15 - Prob. 51ECh. 15 - How is it possible for glaciers to wear down rocks...Ch. 15 - What is a water table? An aquifer?Ch. 15 - What is the immediate destination of most of the...Ch. 15 - What is the eventual site of deposition of most...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between an alluvial fan and a moraine.Ch. 15 - Why are clay minerals and quartz particles...Ch. 15 - In sand derived from the attack of waves on...Ch. 15 - What is the probable origin of the following...Ch. 15 - What characteristic landscape features do active...Ch. 15 - Prob. 61ECh. 15 - What factors determine the viscosity of a magma?...Ch. 15 - What is the cause of the holes found in many...Ch. 15 - Prob. 64ECh. 15 - (a) Why are metamorphic rocks often found near...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between a dike and a vein.
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- You have been given a clear, well formed mineral crystal to identify. Suppose the crystal volume is 25 cm³ , and the mass is 71.0 g. Which of the following is the most likely composition of this sample? Quartz: density = 2650 kg/m³ Dolomite: density = 2840 kg/m³ Halite: density = 2170 kg/m³ Calcite: density = 2710 kg/m³ Aragonite: density = 2930 kg/m³arrow_forward250 200 150 100 50 10 20 30 40 50 VOLUME (cm') While doing laboratory work on density, a group of students collected data on the mineral pyrite. Their final graph is shown above. If a sample of pyrite has a volume of 50 cm3, what would its mass be? 250 g 175 g 200 g 10 g MASS (grams)arrow_forwardA specimen of shale has a mass of 17.25 g dry and 22.24 g wet. The volume of the specimen is 12.15 cm3. What is the porosity of the shale?arrow_forward
- 19. Feldspars are chain silicates sheet silicates framework silicates non-silicates 20. Calcite and Aragonite have the same chemical composition, why they have different specific gravity? * Enter your answerarrow_forwardb. Under what condition is a material or a rock mass considered to: i. Have positive Poisson’s ratio ii. Have negative Poisson’s ratio iii. Possess planar discontinuity iv. Exhibit positive deformation v. Exhibit negative deformation?arrow_forwardYou are given five transparent objects: a calcite crystal, a diamond, a piece of window glass, a sample of quartz, and a piece of zircon. How would you go about identifying each sample? How would they rank on the Mohs hardness scale?arrow_forward
- How does sedimentary rock from the ocean floor sometimes end up in highland and mountainous regions on the Earth? (22.5) (a) Sedimentary rock is commonly made inside volcanoes. (b) Wind and water carry the sediment to the mountaintops. (c) It is believed that asteroid impacts probably caused the sedimentary rock to move great distances. (d) The sedimentary rock was uplifted by powerful forces to form mountain chains.arrow_forwardAs compared with pearlite, which of the following characteristics describes ferrite? High ductility Formed by quenching High hardness I. II. III. IV. Mixture V. Single phase (a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and III (d) I and Varrow_forwardA minerals physical properties are dependent on what?arrow_forward
- The origin of Earth's magnetism is due to moving charges in Earth's? A. liquid inner core B. liquid outer core C. solid inner core D. solid outer corearrow_forwardA seismic survey is conducted in a region with two layers. The top layer is shale, with density 2500 kg/m3, and seismic velocity of 2900m/s, and the bottom layer is sandstone, with a density of 2100 kg/m3, and a seismic velocity of 3000m/s. The reflection coefficient will bea. Positiveb. Negativec. Zerod. Not enough informationarrow_forward(c) A trapezoidal channel with bottom width 3 m and side slopes 5(H): 2(V) conveys 8 m³/s of flow. The channel rests on 0.32° ground surface lined with concrete at bottom and dressed stone in mortar on both sides (TABLE Q2(c)). If a 0.5 m-high weir is placed across the channel section, determine depth of flow above the weir.arrow_forward
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