Principles of Modern Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079113
Author: David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- Carbon dioxide decomposes into CO and O2 at elevated temperatures. What is the equilibrium partial pressure of oxygen in a sample at 1000 C for which the initial pressure of CO2 was 1.15 atm?arrow_forwardFor the decomposition of Ag2O: 2Ag2O(s)4Ag(s)+O2(g)(a) Obtain an expression for G as a function of temperature. Prepare a table of G values at 100 K intervals between 100 K and 500 K. b) Calculate the temperature at which G =0.arrow_forwardMany sugars undergo a process called mutarotation, in which the sugar molecules interconvert between two isomeric forms, finally reaching an equilibrium between them. This is true for the simple sugar glucose, C6H12O6, which exists in solution in isomeric forms called alpha-glucose and beta-glucose. If a solution of glucose at a certain temperature is analyzed, and it is found that the concentration of alpha-glucose is twice the concentration of beta-glucose, what is the value of K for the interconversion reaction?arrow_forward
- Methanol can be synthesized by means of the equilibriumreaction CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) for which the equilibrium constant at 225°C is 6.08103. Assume that the ratio of the pressures of CO(g) and H2(g) is 1:2. What values should they have if the partial pressureof methanol is to be 0.500 atm?arrow_forward7-64 As we shall see in Chapter 20, there are two forms of glucose, designated alpha and betawhich are in equilibrium in aqueous solution. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 1.5 at 30°C. (a) If you begin with a fresh 1.0 M solution of D-glucose in water, what will be its concentration when equilibrium is reached? (b) Calculate the percentage of glucose and of glucose present at equilibrium in aqueous solution at 30°C.arrow_forwardPredict the temperature at which the reaction in Exercise 17.67 comes to equilibrium. Consider the equation G = H TS. At some value of T, G equals zero and the reaction is at equilibrium. Set G = 0, substitute for H and S (assuming that they do not vary much with temperature) and solve for T. CH3CHO(l)+52O2(g)2CO2(g)+2H2O(l)arrow_forward
- Because carbonic acid undergoes a second ionization, the student in Exercise 12.39 is concerned that the hydrogen ion concentration she calculated is not correct. She looks up the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCO,-(aq) «=* H+(aq) + COf'(aq) Upon finding that the equilibrium constant for this reaction is 4.8 X 10“H, she decides that her answer in Exercise 12.39 is correct. Explain her reasoning. A student is simulating the carbonic acid—hydrogen carbonate equilibrium in a lake: H,CO,(aq) 5=6 H+(aq) + HCO,'(aq) K = 4.4 X 10'7She starts with 0.1000 A1 carbonic acid. W hat are the concentrations of all species at equilibrium?arrow_forwardCarbon tetrachloride, an important industrial solvent, is prepared by the chlorination of methane at 850 K. CH4(g)+4Cl2(g)CCl4(g)+4HCl(g) What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 850 K? Would the reaction vessel need to be heated or cooled to keep the temperature of the reaction constant?arrow_forwardAssume that the change in pressure of H2S is small enough to be neglected in the following problem, (a) Calculate the equilibrium pressures of all species in an equilibrium mixture that results from the decomposition of H2S with an initial pressure of 0.824 atm. 2H2S(g)2H2(g)+S2(g)Kp=2.2106 (b) Show that the change is small enough to be neglected.arrow_forward
- When calcium carbonate is heated strongly, CO2 gas is evolved. The equilibrium pressure of CO2 is 1.00 bar at 897 C, and rH at 298 K is 179.0 kJ/mol-rxn. CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) Estimate the value of rS at 897 C for the reaction.arrow_forwardConsider the following relationships: G = 1, H = TS, Q = 1. G = G, K = 1 Which of these relationships is(are) always true for a reaction at equilibrium?arrow_forward
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