Modern Physics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781111794378
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 14, Problem 23P
(a)
To determine
The surface to volume ratio for a sphere.
(b)
To determine
The surface to volume ratio for a cube.
(c)
To determine
The surface to volume ratio for a parallelepiped.
(d)
To determine
The shape with minimum leakage.
(e)
To determine
The shape with maximum leakage.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
To minimize neutron leakage from a reactor, the ratio of the surface area to the volume should be a minimum. For a given volume V, calculate this ratio for (a) a sphere, (b) a cube, and (c) a parallelepiped of dimensions a x a x 2a. (d) Which of these shapes would have minimum leakage? Which would have maximum leakage? Explain your answers.
Let the total number of neutrons be Nn, the number of protons be Np, and N = Nn + Np. Let the fractions be Xi = Ni/N. (a) If the probability of a particle having energy E is proportional to the Boltzmann factor, exp(-E/kT), show that Xn/Xp exp(-1.3 MeV/kT). (b) For what temperature was the ratio of protons to neutrons in the universe 6.7? (c) What is the kinetic energy associated with this temperature? Is there anything noteworthy about this temperature?
Consider the region close to a nuclear reactor that produces large fluxes of
prompt gamma rays with energies of about 7 MeV. Use the graph below, showing
the mass attenuation coefficient of gamma rays in different stopping media as a
function of energy, to determine the approximate thickness of lead shielding
which would be required to reduce the gamma flux by a factor of 101º. The
density of lead is 11.3 g cm.
10
5
Pb
0.5
0.1
Pb
0.05
Cu
AL
0.01
0.01
0.05 0.1
0.5
1
5
10
50 100
Energy (MeV)
Attenuation coefficient (cm²g")
Chapter 14 Solutions
Modern Physics
Ch. 14 - Prob. 1QCh. 14 - Prob. 2QCh. 14 - Prob. 3QCh. 14 - Prob. 4QCh. 14 - Prob. 5QCh. 14 - Prob. 7QCh. 14 - Prob. 8QCh. 14 - Prob. 9QCh. 14 - Prob. 10QCh. 14 - Prob. 11Q
Ch. 14 - Prob. 12QCh. 14 - Prob. 14QCh. 14 - Prob. 15QCh. 14 - Prob. 1PCh. 14 - Prob. 2PCh. 14 - Prob. 3PCh. 14 - Prob. 4PCh. 14 - Prob. 5PCh. 14 - Prob. 6PCh. 14 - Prob. 7PCh. 14 - Prob. 8PCh. 14 - Prob. 9PCh. 14 - Prob. 10PCh. 14 - Prob. 11PCh. 14 - Prob. 12PCh. 14 - The atomic weight of cadmium is 112.41, and its...Ch. 14 - Prob. 15PCh. 14 - Prob. 16PCh. 14 - Prob. 17PCh. 14 - Prob. 19PCh. 14 - Prob. 20PCh. 14 - Prob. 21PCh. 14 - Prob. 22PCh. 14 - Prob. 23PCh. 14 - Prob. 24PCh. 14 - Prob. 25PCh. 14 - Prob. 27PCh. 14 - Prob. 28PCh. 14 - Prob. 29PCh. 14 - Prob. 30PCh. 14 - Prob. 31PCh. 14 - Prob. 32PCh. 14 - Prob. 33PCh. 14 - Prob. 34PCh. 14 - Prob. 35PCh. 14 - Prob. 36PCh. 14 - Prob. 37PCh. 14 - Prob. 38PCh. 14 - Prob. 39PCh. 14 - Prob. 40PCh. 14 - Prob. 41PCh. 14 - Prob. 42PCh. 14 - Prob. 43PCh. 14 - Prob. 45PCh. 14 - Prob. 46PCh. 14 - Prob. 47PCh. 14 - Prob. 48PCh. 14 - Prob. 49PCh. 14 - Prob. 50PCh. 14 - Prob. 51PCh. 14 - Prob. 52PCh. 14 - Prob. 53PCh. 14 - Prob. 54PCh. 14 - Prob. 55PCh. 14 - Prob. 56PCh. 14 - Prob. 57PCh. 14 - Prob. 58PCh. 14 - Prob. 59PCh. 14 - Prob. 60P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1 Gy xray? (b) 2.5 mGy of neutron exposure to the eye? (c) 1.5 mGy of exposure?arrow_forwardCalculate the dose in Sv to the chest at a patient given an xray under the following conditions. The xray beam intensity is 1.50 W/m2, the area of the chest exposed is 0.0750 m2 35.0% of the xrays are absorbed in 20.0 kg of tissue, and the exposure time is 0.250 s.arrow_forwardThe neutron generation time of a particular reactor is 1.3 ms.The reactor is generating energy at the rate of 1200.0 MW.To perform certain maintenance checks, the power level must temporarily be reduced to 350.00 MW. It is desired that the transition to the reduced power level take 2.6000 s. To what (constant) value should the multiplication factor be set to effect the transition in the desired time?arrow_forward
- A swimming pool reactor produces a flux of 3x1016 thermal neutrons m-2 s-1 at 1 m from the reactor center. Assuming a parallel beam of neutrons diffusing up to the surface of the pool where the neutron flux is measured to be 108 m -2 s-1. Calculate the thickness ( x m) of the water layer required. For thermal neutrons the flux is reduced exponentially with the experiment x L-1 where L is the diffusion length ( 2.75 cm in H2O).arrow_forward(a) In the liquid-drop model of nuclear structure, why does the surface-effect term -C2A2/3 have a negative sign? (b) What If? The binding energy of the nucleus increases as the volume-to-surface area ratio increases. Calculate this ratio for both spherical and cubical shapes and explain which is more plausible for nuclei.arrow_forwardDetermine the number of neutrons in a bromine nucleus, which has a radius of approximately 5.32 ✕ 10−15 m.arrow_forward
- Lead (density 11.34 g/cm³) and concrete (density 2.4 g/cm³) are highly effective materias in radiation shielding. a) What thickness of lead in cm is required to reduce the intensity of a 0.2 MeV gamma ray beam by a factor of 1000. b) What is the thickness of concrete in cm equivalent to that thickness of lead?arrow_forwardProblem 1. UA13 is used as a fuel in research nuclear reactor. Uranium-235 enrichment is 20%. Density of UAI3 is 6.8 g/cm. a) Calculate thermal neutron reproduction factor n for this fuel. b) What is the thermal power density in this fuel at a point where the thermal neutrons flux is 1.09x1013 n/cm²s? c) Determine power of the reactor if the mass of fuel is 75 kg and average flux is 1.0×101³ n/cm³s. Assume that average energy released per fission reaction is 200 MeV.arrow_forwardAn aluminum foil of thickness 0.30 mm is bombarded by energetic neutrons. The aluminum nuclei undergo neutron capture according to the process 2Al(n,y)28 Al, with a measured capture cross section of 2.0×1031 m². Assuming the flux of incident neutrons to be 5.0×10¹2 neutrons/ cm²-s, calculate the number of neutrons captured per second by 1.0 cm² of the foil. The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm³.arrow_forward
- In a nuclear power generating plant, heat from a reactor is used to generate steam for turbines. The rate of the fission reaction determines the amount of heat generated, and this rate is controlled by rods inserted into the radioactive core. The rods regulate the flow of neutrons. If the rods are lowered into the core, the rate of fission will diminish; if the rods are raised, the fission rate will increase. By automatically controlling the position of the rods, the amount of heat generated by the reactor can be regulated. Draw a functional block diagram for the nuclear reactor control system shown in the figure below. Show all blocks and signals.arrow_forwardHow many kilograms m of uranium-235 must completely fission spontaneously into (140)Xe, (92)Sr, and three neutrons to produce 1200 MW of power continuously for one year, assuming the fission reactions are 26% efficient? m = ? kgarrow_forwardSuppose a cube has a mass of 1.4 kg and the density of nuclear matter (which you can assume is 2.3 × 1017 kg/m3).Randomized Variablesm = 1.4 kg Find the length of a side of such a cube in μm.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax College
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College