In his 1865 science fiction novel From the Earth to the Moon Jules Verne described how three astronauts are shot to the Moon by means of a huge gun. According to Verne, the aluminum capsule containing the astronauts is accelerated by ignition of nitrocellulose to a speed of 11 km/s along the gun barrel's length of 220 m. (a) In g units, what is the average acceleration of the capsule and astronauts in the gun barrel? (b) Is that acceleration tolerable or deadly to the astronauts?
A modem version of such gun-launched spacecraft (although without passengers) has been proposed. In this modern version, called the SHARP (Super High Altitude Research Project) gun, ignition of methane and air shoves a piston along the gun's tube, compressing hydrogen gas that then launches a rocket. During this launch, the rocket moves 3.5 km and reaches a speed of 7.0 km/s. Once launched, the rocket can be fired to gain additional speed, (c) In g units, what would be the average acceleration of the rocket within the launcher? (d) How much additional speed is needed (via the rocket engine) if the rocket is to orbit Earth at an altitude of 700 km?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 13 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics, Volume 1, Chapter 1-20
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student Edition
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Introduction to Electrodynamics
College Physics
The Cosmic Perspective (8th Edition)
- A bird rests on a branch in an aok tree, 12 m above the grassland, as it watches it's young birds. The bird suddenly needs to pass some solid waste .How fast is the solid waste traveling as it hits the grassland? A cat staring at the bird immediately notices something strange being released by the bird. How long does the cat have to react and get out of the way?arrow_forwardA skater with mass 66 kg is skating on a horizontal surface at a constant speed 4.2 m/s. There is a ramp ahead, and the skater has just enough speed to make it to the top of the ramp (meaning the speed at the top of the ramp is 0 m/s). What is the height of the ramp in the unit of meters? Use g = 10 m/s2 for the acceleration due to gravity.arrow_forwardEvan is just leaving his house to visit his grandma. Normally, the trip takes him 25 minutes on the freeway, going 55 mph. But tonight he’s running 5 minutes late. How fast will he need to drive on the freeway to make up the 5 minutes?Express your answer in miles per hour.arrow_forward
- Use the definition of the derivative to find an expression for the instantaneous acceleration of an object moving with rectilinear motion according to the given function. The instantaneous acceleration of an object is defined as the instantaneous rate of change of the velocity with respect to time. Here, vv is the velocity and tt is the time. v=9t2−6t+5.arrow_forwardAcceleration is sometimes expressed in multiples of g, where g = 9.8 m/s^2 is the acceleration due to the earth's gravity. In a car crash, the car's velocity may go from 31 m/s to 0.0 m/s in 0.15 s. How many g's are experienced, on average, by the driver?arrow_forwardA particle starts from the origin at t = 0 with a velocity of (16i – 12i) m/s and moves in the xy plane with a constant acceleration of a = (3.01 – 6.0j) m/s?. What is the speed of the particle at t = 2.0 s? O 33 m/s O 39 m/s O 52 m/s O 46 m/s O 43 m/sarrow_forward
- An object has a velocity given by i = (5.0i – 12j)m. How fast, and in what direction is the object moving?arrow_forwardA bicyclist heads east at 19 k(m)/(h). After she has traveled 20.4 kilometers, another cyclist sets out in the same direction going 30 k(m)/(h). About how long will it take the second cyclist to catch up to the first cyclist?arrow_forwardyou are driving home on a weekend from school at 55 mi/h for 110 miles. It then starts to snow and you slow to 35mi/h. you arrive home after driving 4 hours and 15 minutes. How far is your hometown from school?arrow_forward
- A one-dimensional gas molecule moves along the +x-axis with a constant acceleration of 4 m/s^2. What is its average velocity as it goes from x = 2 m to x = 8 m?arrow_forwardAn ultrasound doppler meter is used to detect motion for an alarm system. The unit emits an ultrasound signal and its echo is detected back at the same unit. If the unit emits a frequency of 100 MHz and is only able to detect a change in frequency of the reflected sound greater than 8.0 kHz, what is the maximum speed that an intruder can travel at relative to the unit whilst remaining undetected? Take the speed of sound in air to be 343 m/s. 6.0 cm/s 2.0 cm/s 1.4 cm/s 2.7 cm/s 12 cm/s 1.0 cm/s 24 O A stv MacBook Airarrow_forwardAn ultrasound doppler meter is used to detect motion for an alarm system. The unit emits an ultrasound signal and its echo is detected back at the same unit. If the unit emits a frequency of 100 MHz and is only able to detect a change in frequency of the reflected sound greater than 8.0 kHz, what is the maximum speed that an intruder can travel at relative to the unit whilst remaining undetected? Take the speed of sound in air to be 343 m/s. 6.0 cm/s 2.0 cm/s 1.0 cm/s 12cm/s 1.4 cm/s 2.7 cm/s agonal crystalline growth in the s from the normal of the first icular to the plane of the page he refractive index of the efractive index of the ng ray most closely representsarrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningGlencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...PhysicsISBN:9780078807213Author:Paul W. ZitzewitzPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill