Conceptual Physical Science Plus Mastering Physics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134060484
Author: Paul G. Hewitt, John A. Suchocki, Leslie A. Hewitt
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 75E
To determine
The explanation for the reason why Hydrogen has not replaced in fission and fusion.
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Ordinary hydrogen is sometimes called a perfect fuel, both because of its almost unlimited supply on Earth and because, when it burns, harmless water is the product of the combustion. So why don’t we abandon fission and fusion energies, not to mention fossil-fuel energy, and just use hydrogen?
You are having a family holiday dinner with your extended family: grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. The conversation turns to your studies in physics, and you tell everyone about your studies about fusion reactions in the Sun. One of your nephews says, “Oh, yeah? I think the Sun is just a big ball of gasoline burning away. How can you prove that that isn’t true?” (a) Based on the fact that gasoline delivers about 1.3 x 10^8 J of energy for each gallon burned, perform a calculation that will show your nephew how long the Sun would last if it were made of gasoline. (b) Perform a calculation to show your nephew that nuclear fusion of all the hydrogen in the Sun could last a lot longer.
10. A nuclear reactor is 35% efficient and has a power output of 350 MW. If we
consider all the fission reactions to give out the same energy, 2.78 x 1011 J
how many moles of uranium-235 is needed each second by the power station?
AA 5.975 x 105
B 5.935 x 105
C 5.835 x 105
D 5.739 x 105
Chapter 13 Solutions
Conceptual Physical Science Plus Mastering Physics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (6th Edition)
Ch. 13 - Prob. 1RCQCh. 13 - What is the origin of most of the natural...Ch. 13 - Which produces mote radioactivity in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RCQCh. 13 - What role do neutrons play in the atomic nucleus?Ch. 13 - Prob. 8RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 9RCQCh. 13 - What is the long-range fate of all the uranium...
Ch. 13 - What is meant by the half-life of a radioactive...Ch. 13 - What is the half-life of uranium-238?Ch. 13 - What happens to a nitrogen atom in the atmosphere...Ch. 13 - Prob. 14RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 15RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 16RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 17RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 18RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 19RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 20RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 21RCQCh. 13 - How does the mass per nucleon in uranium compare...Ch. 13 - How does the mass of a pair of atoms that have...Ch. 13 - Prob. 24RCQCh. 13 - What kind of nuclear power is responsible for...Ch. 13 - Throw ten coins onto a flat surface. Move aside...Ch. 13 - Repeat the above, but use 10 dimes and 25 pennies....Ch. 13 - Consider a radioactive sample with a half-life of...Ch. 13 - Uranium-238 absorbs a neutron and then emits a...Ch. 13 - Rank the following three types of radiation by...Ch. 13 - Prob. 35TARCh. 13 - Rank the following isotopes from the most...Ch. 13 - Rank the following in order from the most energy...Ch. 13 - Prob. 44ECh. 13 - Which should be more stable: the lithium-5 or the...Ch. 13 - Which should be more stable: the lithium-7 or the...Ch. 13 - Why is lead found in all deposits of uranium ores?Ch. 13 - Prob. 48ECh. 13 - Elements heavier than uranium in the periodic...Ch. 13 - If you make an account of 1000 people born in the...Ch. 13 - What do the proportions of lead and uranium in...Ch. 13 - Radium-226 is a common isotope on Earth, but it...Ch. 13 - Prob. 53ECh. 13 - Prob. 54ECh. 13 - Prob. 55ECh. 13 - Prob. 56ECh. 13 - Prob. 57ECh. 13 - Why is carbon better than lead as a moderator in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 59ECh. 13 - Prob. 60ECh. 13 - Prob. 61ECh. 13 - How does the mass per nucleon in uranium compare...Ch. 13 - Prob. 63ECh. 13 - Prob. 64ECh. 13 - Prob. 65ECh. 13 - Prob. 66ECh. 13 - Prob. 67ECh. 13 - Prob. 68ECh. 13 - Prob. 69ECh. 13 - Prob. 70ECh. 13 - Prob. 71ECh. 13 - Prob. 72ECh. 13 - Prob. 73ECh. 13 - Prob. 74ECh. 13 - Prob. 75ECh. 13 - Prob. 1RATCh. 13 - Prob. 2RATCh. 13 - A sample of radioactive material is usually a...Ch. 13 - What evidence supports the contention that the...Ch. 13 - When the isotope bismuth-213 emits an alpha...Ch. 13 - If uranium were to split into 90 pieces of equal...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9RATCh. 13 - If an iron nucleus split in two, its fission...
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- Fissioning about 30 pounds of U-235 releases 1.06x 10¹5 joules of energy. How many tonnes of coal contain the same amount of energy? Use the fact that the energy content of coal is 29 MJ/kg. Enter your answer in tonnes (you can use 1 ton 1000 kg) to 3 significant figures. E.g if the answer is 47435.976, you should enter 47400 Marrow_forwardOn absorption of a single neutron, plutonium Pu-239 can undergo fission into xenon Xe-134 plus zirconium Zr-103 plus three neutrons. The masses of these nuclei are, mpu-239 = 239.052 amu, mxe-134 = 133.905 amu, and mzr-103 = 102.927 amu. Calculate the energy given off in this nuclear reaction. Back Alt+Left arrowarrow_forwarda. To release 100 MW of power, approximately how many uranium fissions must occur every second? b. How many kilograms of U-235 would have to fission in 1yr to sustain a rate of 100 MW of power output?arrow_forward
- If the energy in fusion bombs were used to supply the energy needs of the world, how many of the 9-megaton variety would be needed for a year’s supply of energy (using data from U(x) = 1/2(kx2) + const.)?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true of nuclear fusion? It generates high-level radioactive waste similar to that of nuclear fission. It involves splitting a heavier nucleus into smaller nuclei. It yields more energy per nucleus than nuclear fission. Its primary product is deuterium.arrow_forwardAnother series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the cycle described below. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6x10' K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5×10' K, the following cycle below produces less than 10% of the Sun's energy. (Enter the mass number in the first raised box, the atomic number in the second lower box, and the element in the third box.) (a) A high-energy proton is absorbed by 12c. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A. (b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B. (c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C. (d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D. (e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E. (f) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce…arrow_forward
- Scientists have continuously been searching for ways to create a system for energy production through fusion reactions but have been unsuccessful. Which of the following explains why it is still not a practical source of power? O Fusion can create a huge amount of energy with very little fuel. O Fusion radioactive byproducts have a shorter half-life than fission byproducts. O Fusion requires a large amount of energy to force atoms to initially fuse together. O Fusion reactions have virtually little to no risk of nuclear accidents.arrow_forwardWhich process would release energy from gold, fission or fusion? Which would release energy from carbon? From iron?arrow_forwardPlease help. This problem involves finding the amount of deuterium needed to generate a certain amount of energy. Thank you.arrow_forward
- Another series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the carbon cycle first proposed by Hans Bethe in 1939, leading to his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6 x 10^7 K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 x 10^7 K, the following cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun’s energy. (a) A high-energy proton is absorbed by 12C. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A. (b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B. (c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C. (d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D. (e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E. (f) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. Identify nucleus…arrow_forwardFor a fusion reaction, at which temperature T do you expect the optimal reaction rate to approximately occur? In the expressions below EG is the Gamow energy of the reaction and k is the Boltzmann constant. Select one: O a. T O b. T: O c. T d. T = Oe. T - - = = EG 100k 10EG k EG 10k EG k 100 EG karrow_forwardChoose the BEST answer to the following. Which process would release energy from gold, fission or fusion? From carbon? (a) Gold: fission; carbon: fusion (b) Gold: fusion; carbon: fission (c) Gold: fission; carbon: fission (d) Gold: fusion; carbon: fusionarrow_forward
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