Concept explainers
The paper “Credit Card Misuse, Money Attitudes, and Compulsive Buying Behavior: Comparison of Internal and External Locus of Control Consumers” (College Student Journal [2009]: 268–275) describes a study that surveyed a sample of college students at two midwestern public universities. Based on the survey responses, students were classified into two “locus of control” groups (internal and external) based on the extent to which they believe that they control what happens to them. Those in the internal locus of control group believe that they are usually in control of what happens to them, where-as those in the external locus of control group believe that it is usually factors outside their control that determines what happens to them. Each student was also classified according to a measure of compulsive buying.
The resulting data are summarized in the accompanying table. Can the researchers conclude that there is an association between locus of control and compulsive buying behavior? Carry out a X2 test using α = 0.01. Assume it is reasonable to regard the sample as representative of college students at midwestern public universities.
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- What is meant by the sample space of an experiment?arrow_forwardWhat is an experiment?arrow_forward1. A researcher is interested in the effects of nature and nurture on altruism. Participants were adopted children. To study nature, birth parents were categorized as being high or low in altruism. To study nature, adoptive parents were categorized as being high, medium or low in altruism. The adopted children were given an altruism questionnaire, where higher scores reflect more altruism. Does Nature and/or Nurture contribute to children's altruistic behavior? Complete the conclusion statement below. Assume a = .05 and Tukey HSD = 9.6. Birth Parents (A) HIGH LOW High M = 80 M = 60 Adoptive Parents (B) Medium M = 70 M = 50 Low M = 60 M = 40 The factorial ANOVA revealed significant main effects of Birth Parents [F(1, 30) = 5.28, p .05].arrow_forward
- In a study examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that a man's sense of humor had significant effect on how he was perceieved by woman. In the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a po tential romantic partner and then rated the attractiveness of the male on a scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). The fictitious male was described positively as being single , ambitious, and having good job prospects. In one dition, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. The results showed that the description was rated significantly higher when "a sense of humor" was included. To further examine this effect, a researcher selected a sample of n = 16colle college males and asked them to read a brief description of a female and then rate the attractiveness of the woman in the description . The description had been used in previous research but was modified by adding a statement describing a good sense of humor…arrow_forwardSeattle Grace Medical Center. As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, doctors at the Seattle Grace Medical Center in Washington state investigated the relationship between state of residence and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Texas, 20 were residents of Washington state, and 20 were residents of South Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. The data collected follow; higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. These data are contained in the attached data file SeattleGrace1. A second part of the study considered the relationship between state of residence and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Texas, 20 were residents…arrow_forwardSeattle Grace Medical Center. As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, doctors at the Seattle Grace Medical Center in Washington state investigated the relationship between state of residence and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Texas, 20 were residents of Washington state, and 20 were residents of South Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. The data collected follow; higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. These data are contained in the attached data file SeattleGrace1. A second part of the study considered the relationship between state of residence and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Texas, 20 were residents…arrow_forward
- Seattle Grace Medical Center. As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, doctors at the Seattle Grace Medical Center in Washington state investigated the relationship between state of residence and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Texas, 20 were residents of Washington state, and 20 were residents of South Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. The data collected follow; higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. These data are contained in the attached data file SeattleGrace1. A second part of the study considered the relationship between state of residence and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Texas, 20 were residents…arrow_forwardInfusionsoft conducted a study to explore the attitudes, behaviors, and challenges that small businesses face related to sales and marketing. Small business owners were categorized by the amount they spend per month on marketing activities as well as the attitudinal segment to which they belong. The results were organized into the following table. At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence of a significant relationship between the amount spent per month on marketing activities and attitudinal segment?arrow_forwardDr. Guidry conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction. She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in Nashville, Tennessee (the state capital), located in the southern United States. Dr. Guidry submits her study for publication in a scientific journal. If one of the peer reviewers is concerned about the external validity of her study, which of the following is the most important aspect of Dr. Guidry's study to consider? the number of significant findings the random sampling technique used to recruit the participants the number of people in the sample the use of three measured variablesarrow_forward
- 4. A parent advisory board for a certain university was concerned about the effect of part-time jobs on the academic achievement of students attending the university. To obtain some information, the advisory board surveyed a simple random sample of 200 of the more than 20,000 students attending the university. Each student reported the average number of hours spent working part-time each week and his or her perception of the effect of part-time work on academic achievement. The data in the table below summarize the students' responses by average number of hours worked per week (less than 11, 11 to 20, more than 20) and perception of the effect of part-time work on academic achievement (positive, no effect, negative). Average Time Spent on Part-Time Jobs Less Than 11 Hours 11 to 20 Hours More Than per Week per Week 20 Hours per Week Perception of the Positive Effect Effect of Part- 21 5 No Effect 58 32 15 Time Work on Academic Achievement Negative Effect 18 23 19 A chi-square test was…arrow_forwardRead the scenario below to determine which one of the threats to external validity (interaction between treatment and selection, interaction between treatment and location or interaction between treatment and history [time]) is of most concern. During the academic school year of 2019-2020 researchers completed a study on the impact of early childhood education on the social development of children in the United States. The researchers randomly selected programs in the county where they were employed to participate in the program. A. Interaction of the treatment and selection B. Interaction of the treatment and location C. Interaction of the treatment and historyarrow_forwardIn a study examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that a man’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how he was perceived by women. In the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner and then rated the attractiveness of the male on a scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). The fictitious male was described positively as being single, ambitious, and having good job prospects. In one condition, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. The results showed that the description was rated significantly higher when “a sense of humor” was included. To examine this effect further, a researcher selected a sample of n = 16 college males and asked them to read a brief description of a female and then rate the attractiveness of the woman in the description. The description had been used in previous research but was modified by adding a statement describing a good sense of humor.…arrow_forward
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