EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134818979
Author: Killian
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 11, Problem 26ESP
Summary Introduction
To design: An experiment to establish the fact that
Introduction: Taylor, Woods, and Hughes experiment demonstrated the semiconservative mode of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replication in the root tips of plant Vicia faba.
Summary Introduction
To draw: Sister chromatids and demonstrate the expected results of conservative mode of DNA replication.
Introduction: The process of replication can be monitored by labeling DNA with 3H-thymidine using autoradiography. It is a common technique that pinpoints the location of a radioisotope in a cell.
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Using the same experimental setup as in the original Meselson and Stahl experiment, predict
the bands (heavy, light or intermediate) that you would observe after one round of replication if
DNA polymerase replicated the bacterial genome by the conservative model of replication.
Draw and explain your prediction.
Consider the experiment conducted by Meselson and Stahl in which they used 14N and 15N in cultures of E. coli and equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Draw pictures to represent the bands produced by bacterial DNA in the centrifuge tube before the switch to medium containing 14N and after one, two, and three rounds of replication in that medium. Use separate sets of drawings to show the bands that would appear if replication were (a) semiconservative; (b) conservative; (c) dispersive.
Suppose that replication is initiated in a medium containing moderately radioactive tritiated thymine. After a few minutes of incubation, the bacteria are transferred to a medium containing highly radioactive tritiated thymidine. Sketch the autoradiographic pattern that would be seen for (a) undirectional replication and (b) bidirectional replication, each from a single origin.
Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
Ch. 11 - In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, which of the...Ch. 11 - An alien organism was investigated. When DNA...Ch. 11 - Why might mutations in genes encoding telomerase...Ch. 11 - Although the brother is an immunologically matched...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3CSCh. 11 - HOW DOWE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 11 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 11 - Compare conservative, semiconservative, and...Ch. 11 - Describe the role of 15N in the MeselsonStahl...Ch. 11 - Predict the results of the experiment by Taylor,...
Ch. 11 - What are the requirements for in vitro synthesis...Ch. 11 - In Kornbergs initial experiments, it was rumored...Ch. 11 - How did Kornberg assess the fidelity of DNA...Ch. 11 - Which characteristics of DNA polymerase I raised...Ch. 11 - Kornberg showed that nucleotides are added to the...Ch. 11 - What was the significance of the polA1 mutation?Ch. 11 - Summarize and compare the properties of DNA...Ch. 11 - List and describe the function of the ten subunits...Ch. 11 - Distinguish between (a) unidirectional and...Ch. 11 - List the proteins that unwind DNA during in vivo...Ch. 11 - Define and indicate the significance of (a)...Ch. 11 - Outline the current model for DNA synthesis.Ch. 11 - Why is DNA synthesis expected to be more complex...Ch. 11 - Suppose that E. coli synthesizes DNA at a rate of...Ch. 11 - Several temperature-sensitive mutant strains of E....Ch. 11 - While many commonly used antibiotics interfere...Ch. 11 - Describe the end-replication problem in...Ch. 11 - Many of the gene products involved in DNA...Ch. 11 - In 1994, telomerase activity was discovered in...Ch. 11 - The genome of D. melanogaster consists of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 11 - DNA polymerases in all organisms add only 5...Ch. 11 - Assume that the sequence of bases shown below is...Ch. 11 - Reiji and Tuneko Okazaki conducted a now classic...Ch. 11 - Consider the drawing of a dinucleotide below. (a)...Ch. 11 - To gauge the fidelity of DNA synthesis, Arthur...
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- Suppose a researcher conducts matings between three Hfr bacterial strains and an F− strain. The table shows the order in which genes are incorporated for each strain. Determine the gene order of the chromosome by placing each gene on the outside of the circular chromosome map. Identify the origin of replication for each Hfr strain on the inside of the map to indicate polarity of the origin.arrow_forwardYou decide to repeat the Meselson-Stahl experiment, except this time you plan to grow the E. coli cells on light 14N medium for many generations and then transfer them to heavy 15N medium and allow them to grow for 2 additional generations (2 rounds of DNA replication). If the conservative model of DNA replication was correct, what is the expected distribution of DNA in the density gradient after two rounds of replication?arrow_forwardDraw a replication origin in E. coli. Place the first 4 primers in the figure. Show how the replication would proceed. Label polarity of ALL template and growing (newly synthesized) strands. Show direction of synthesis on all growing strands and identify all leading and lagging strands (I do not want you to mention or describe the enzymes involved). please give answer asaparrow_forward
- You decide to repeat the Meselson-Stahl experiment, except this time you plan to grow the E. coli cells on light 14N medium for many generations and then transfer them to heavy 15N medium and allow them to grow for 2 additional generations (2 rounds of DNA replication). If the conservative model of DNA replication was correct, what is the expected distribution of DNA in the density gradient after two rounds of replication? Multiple Choice One band of intermediate density. One band of light density. One band of heavy density. One band of light density and one band of heavy density. One band of light density and one band of intermediate density.arrow_forwarda) If you isolated DNA from the ear and the tail of the same mouse, would you expect the DNA, isolated form the two tissue types, to be the same? Why? (2) b) Provide one difference between DNA replication in eukaryotes and prokaryotes with regards to their origin(s) of replication. (1) For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). 14px E EY A Y BIVS Paragraph Arial ABC x² X2 ?次T Te 田田国王 用 图 +]arrow_forwardYou are studying a colony of cells and determine that some of these cells have a mutated DNA polymerase I that results in loss of function of this enzyme. A) What will the effect of the mutation in DNA polymerase I be on DNA replication? In your answer make sure to describe what would be observed in the leading and lagging strand and explain your reasoning. B) Will this mutation in DNA polymerase I have an impact on another step in DNA replication? In your answer make sure to indicate whether DNA replication will be impacted or not. If it is not, explain why. If it is impacted, then describe the step that is impacted and name the molecule or enzyme involved.arrow_forward
- The Meselson-Stahl experiment provided strong evidence that DNA replication was conservative, by alternately growing bacteria in medium with heavy 15N and light 14N. If DNA replication were dispersive, what result would Meselson and Stahl have observed after the first round of DNA replication in light nitrogen? Group of answer choices Two bands, one at the location for pure 15N and one at the location for pure 14N. One band, located half way between the locations for pure 15N and pure 14N. Two bands, one at the location for pure 15N and one located halfway between the locations for pure 15N and pure 14N. None of these Three bands, one at the location for pure 15N, one at the location for pure 14N, and one at a location halfway between.arrow_forwarda) Explain semi-conservative modelmof DNA replication b) discuss initiation in DNA replication and explain why it is a tightly controlled process.arrow_forwardA scientist successfully analyzed a new micro-organism. Because this micro-organism contains double-stranded DNA as genetic material, Meselson-Stahl techniques was employed. The following shows the results of the experiment where L – light chain (14N) and H – heavy chain (15N).What is the mechanism of replication in this organism in the picture? Explain how you got the answer. The following piece of DNA is sequenced using the dideoxy method: 3’-AAGCGGCTAATCC-5’. Accidentally, you forget to include dATP in the four reactions that contain a ddNTP. What is the sequence of the daughter strand produced from this sequencing activity? Show the process. The following piece of DNA is sequenced using the dideoxy method: 3’-AAGCGGCTAATCC-5’. Accidentally, you forget to include dATP in the four reactions that contain a ddNTP. How many bands will appear in the lane containing ddATP? Show the process. The following piece of DNA is sequenced using the dideoxy method: 3’-AAGCGGCTAATCC-5’.…arrow_forward
- An alternative to semi-conservative replication is conservative replication in which the parent strands come apart only temporarily to serve as templates for synthesis of daughter strands but then come back together again as they were originally and the two new daughter strands then also form a duplex molecule. What single feature of the Meselsohn Stahl experiment allowed this conservative replication hypothesis to be rejected? (Hint:To answer this question you can consider the banding pattern produced on the cesium chloride density-gradient centrifugation following one round of replication in the Meselsohn Stahl experiment.)arrow_forwardThis is a three part question: Figure B in Box 4.1 illustrates the results of the Meselson-Stahl experiment after a single cycle of replication in 14N. (a) Explain the results they observed after two rounds of replication in 14N medium. (b) Draw out the expected results if a third round of replication were allowed in 14N medium. (c) Two other models for template-directed replication were considered as alternatives to semi-conservative replication. One of these was conservative replication, in which the parental strands were unpaired, replicated, then reannealed such that the parental strands stayed together and the newly synthesized strands were together. The second model was dispersive replication, in which one strand was used as the template for polymerization, then the polymerase switched to using the other strand as the template, and subsequently switched back and forth between the two strands until bother were fully replicated. Each of these models is ruled out by one of your…arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram of DNA replication as currently believed to occur in E. coli. Arrows start from numbers and end at specific points. Answer the questions relating to the locations specified by the numbers (1) Which end (5' or 3') of the molecule is here? (2) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to deal with supercoils in the DNA? (3) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to unwind the DNA?arrow_forward
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