Barbiturates are prepared by treating a derivative of diethyl malonate with urea in the presence of sodium ethoxide as a catalyst. Following is an equation for the preparation of barbital, a long-duration hypnotic and sedative, from diethyl diethylmalonate and urea. -OEt H,N -NH 1. EtO-Na+ + 2 ELOH 2. Н,О -OEt H,N -NH Diethyl diethylmalonate Urea 5,5-Diethylbarbituric acid (Barbital) Barbital is prescribed under one of a dozen or more trade names.

Q: Give a mechanism of the following reaction CH3 HNO3 H₂SO4 NO₂ °Clls

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A:

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A:

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A: Mechanism is given below.

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A:

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A:

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A: The details solution for this reaction is provided below in attach image.

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A:

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A:

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic organic compound or aromatic system is an important class of hydrocarbons under the branch of organic chemistry. Aromatic compounds are also called arenas. The definition of aromatic organic compounds can be stated as a class of organic compounds with a planar cyclic ring of atoms bonded through alternated single and double bonds. Due to these alternating bonds, a peculiar feature termed as ‘resonance’, that is, delocalization of pi electrons or the electrons is shared within the atoms of the ring which are present in the aromatic compounds. The word ‘aromatic’ includes a Greek word ‘aroma’ which means smell, indicating that they were named as such due to the sweet odor they produce. Many well-known flavors such as vanilla, cinnamon, and few scents from flowers are extracted from aromatic compounds. Benzene with chemical formula C6H6 is a very common aromatic compound that contains six atoms of carbon held in the cyclic ring of alternate double bonds. It is also to be noted that not all aromatic compounds contain benzene ring. This can be explained by Huckel’s rule.