You conduct a single-cell recording study of a lateral prefrontal cortical cell while an animal performs a delayed-response task. Which of the following response profiles best matches the behavior of the cell if it is primarily involved in working memory function? (Each vertical line represents an action potential.)

1. Make a model or draw 3 multipolar neurons. Imagine you had something crawling on your arm. The first is a sensory neuron, getting its information from the skin and sensing the movement.  The second is an interneuron. It relays information from the first (sensory neuron) to the CNS.  The third is a motor neuron. It begins in the CNS but leads all the way to the muscle, so that you can move the fingers and scratch the area. On your images/model the "dendrites" should be blue, "axon" should be green and "soma" should be yellow. As you connect them to each other, take notice in which areas are the receiving end, and which are the transmissive ends.

You have a neural system with three neurons; two presynaptic (PS1 and PS2) and one postsynaptic (Post). Over a fixed period of time, PS1 and PS2 generate the pattern of action potentials. Both deliver the same pattern. PS1 delivers EPSP to Post and PS2 delivers IPSP to Post. Also present in the system is a chemical that inhibits the binding of PS2's neurotransmitter to Post's receptors. Will Post be likely to produce an action potential in response to this situation?

13. Properties of male and female rat nociceptors that respond to painful mechanical stimuli (for instance a sharp tack) were recently studied by Hendrich, et al. (2012). The sensory endings of these nociceptors are found on the foot of the rat. They measured resting membrane potential (RMP) (Fig 2B) and action potential threshold (Fig 2C) in the nociceptors. The results and figure legend are shown below. Use the data (attached) to answer the following questions.   a. What category of sensory afferent are the authors studying?    b. What reflex(es) does this sensory afferent participate in?   c. What conclusions can the authors make based on the data shown in this figure? Speculate on what physiological/behavioral consequences there might be based on the findings.

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56 Platt and Glimcher found that the firing of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area are sensitive to     The location of the flashing light     The color of the flashing light     The probability of a saccade being rewarded     The frequency with which the light flashes

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation causes an involuntary motor output in response to a magnetic stimulation over the skull. Why do we see this output?  Include the following concepts in your response: •neuroanatomy •central versus peripheral nervous system •neuron structure and direction of information flow •hyper versus depolarization •specific ions •membrane potential •diffusion and electrostatic pressure

20. Select from the list below the one coding requirement that is used in each of the following three scenarios: 1) the knee-jerk reflex, 2) reduction of pain perception by rubbing the injured area, and 3) high frequency sound localization. A. Inhibitory interneurons. B. Second messenger pathways. C. Coincidence detection. D. None of the answers. E. Rapidly adapting neurons.

If a mosquito bites you in the forearm, action potentials will have to reach the CNS before you can perceive the bite and react by swatting the mosquito. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that takes place from the time the mosquito bites you until you swat it? O somatic sensory receptors, afferent division, primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, efferent division, SNS, skeletal muscles O visceral sensory receptors, afferent division, primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, efferent division, SNS, skeletal muscles somatic sensory receptors, efferent division, primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, afferent division, SNS, skeletal muscles special sensory receptors, afferent division, primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, efferent division, SNS, skeletal muscles

To fill the blanks choose from the following: Sodium potassium pump, out of, -30, into, -90, potassium gated-channels, active, +30, sodium gated channels, -70, +70, Repolarization , Refractory, Resting Potential, Depolarization, node of Ranvier, Schwann cells, unmyelinated, speed up, slows down, myelinated.