You are the manager of BlackSpot Computers, which competes directly with Condensed Computers to sell high-powered computers to businesses. From the two businesses’ perspectives, the two products are indistinguishable. The large investment required to build production facilities prohibits other firms from entering this market, and existing firms operate under the assumption that the rival will hold output constant. The inverse market demand for computers is P = 5,900 − Q, and both firms produce at a marginal cost of $800 per computer. Currently, BlackSpot earns revenues of $4.25 million and profits (net of investment, R&D, and other fixed costs) of $890,000. The engineering department at BlackSpot has been steadily working on developing an assembly method that would dramatically reduce the marginal cost of producing these high-powered computers and has found a process that allows it to manufacture each computer at a marginal cost of $500. How will this technological advance impact your production and pricing plans? How will it impact BlackSpot’s bottom line?
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- Consider a Cournot duopoly. The market demand function is P = 180 – 2(q₂ + q₂), where P is the market price, q₂ is the output produced by Firm 1 and q₂ is the output produced by Firm 2. The two firms have a constant marginal cost c = 30. What is the total output in this market? Round your answer to the nearest integer (e.g. 50)arrow_forwardThe (inverse) market demand function in a homogeneous product Cournot duopoly is as follows: P = 200- 10(Q1+Q2). The total cost functions are TC- 100 + 40Q1 for firm one and TC = 80 + 60Q2 for firm two. 1. Determine the reaction function for each firm. 2. Calculate each firm's equilibrium level of output. 3. Calculate the market equilibrium price. 4. Calculate the profit each firm earns in equilibrium.arrow_forwardConsider the market for rubber. suppose a massive forest fire causes 50% of the world’s supply of rubber to be destroyed. First, depict what happens in the market for rubber. Then, depict what happens in the market for tires (where rubber is an input). Last, depict what happens in the market for cars, where tires are an input. What happened to the price of cars? Now, suppose that in order combat this event, the government announces that starting in three months (i.e. in the future), the government will give a $1000 rebate on purchases of new cars (i.e. the price of cars will decrease in the future). What happens in the market for new cars today? What happens in the market for used cars today? Finally, what is the net effect of everything that occurred on new/used cars equilibrium price and quantity (Hint: for one of these market’s variables, the net effect will be ambiguous)?arrow_forward
- Two firms compete in a market to sell a homogeneous product with inverse demand function P = 600 − 6Q. Each firm produces at a constant marginal cost of $300 and has no fixed costs. Use this information to compare the output levels and profits in settings characterized by Cournot, Stackelberg, Bertrand, and collusive behavior.arrow_forwardTwo firms engage in Cournot competition in the Everlasting Gobstopper industry. The price elasticity of demand is-2. Firm 1 has aconstant marginal cost of $110.00 per unit, and firm 2 has a constant marginal cost of $181.50 per unit. If the two firms are currently inequilibrium, what is firm 2's share of the market? Enter your answer as a decimal, rounded to two places if necessary.______ Please show all stepsarrow_forwardConsider a duopoly with homogenous goods where Firm 1 has the following production function: Q1 = F1(L,K) = L1/2 K1/2, where Q and K are measured in units and L in hours. Firm 2 uses labour and capital as well but has a different production function, given by Q2 = F2(L,K) = L1/3 K2/3. You may assume that the market for labour and capital is perfectly competitive and the current wage rate is £40 and the rental rate on capital is £10. Both firms sell their products on the same market with inverse demand function P = 52 – (Q1 + Q2), where P is measured in pound sterling. Which production function(s) exhibit(s) decreasing returns to scale? Suppose Firm 1 wishes to produce 6 units. What is the cost minimising input mix for Firm 1? Suppose Firm 2 wishes to produce 4 units. What is the cost minimising input mix for Firm 2? Assume both firms now have the option to produce either 4 units or 6 units. We will consider the situation where both firms simultaneously, but independently,…arrow_forward
- Two firms compete on price every year. The inverse demand function each firm faces depends on which firm has chosen the lowest price that year. The one that did captures the entire market. If, on the other hand, both prices are the same then they split the market evenly. Consumers round up prices to the nearest integer. For the firm with the lowest price p, demand is given by: q = 24-2p: Marginal costs are constant and equal to $4 for both firms. a. Define the Normal form of the stage game and determine the Nash Equilibria, the Cooperative Equilibrium and the Optimal Deviation from cooperation. b. For the once repeated (2 stages) game, determine if a Nash Equilibrium exists that improves on simply playing the (better) Nash Equilibrium of the stage game twice c. For the infinitely repeated game, determine what the interest rate would have to be to prevent the firms from cooperating. d*. Determine the relation between the interest rate and the number of punishment periods in a…arrow_forwardSuppose Giocattolo of Italy and American Toy Company of the United States are the only two firms producing toys for sale in the U.S. market. Each firm realizes constant long-term costs so that the average total cost (ATC) equals the marginal cost (MC) at each level of output. Thus, MCo = ATCO is the long-term market supply schedule for toys. Suppose Giocattolo and American Toy Company operate as competitors, and the cost schedules of each company are MCo = ATCO = $10. On the following graph, use the grey point (star symbol) to identify the competitive market equilibrium. Then, use the green triangle (triangle symbols) to identify consumer surplus in this case. Note: Select and drag the point from the palette to the graph. Dashed drop lines will automatically extend to both axes. Then select and drag the shaded region from the palette to the graph. To resize the shaded region, select one of the points and move to the desired position. ? PRICE (Dollars per toy) 20 18 16 14 10 00 6 4 2 0…arrow_forwardSuppose the inverse market demand for manufactures is P(Q) = A – Q, where P and Q denote price and total goods produced and the parameter A denotes the size of the domestic market. Suppose any firm has a cost function, c(q) = cq, where A > c. Suppose there are two firm in the market which produce q1 and q2, where Q = q1 + q 2 a. Solve for the Cournot equilibrium levels of output (Q*), price (P*) and markups. b. What is the impact of an increase in market size, A, on Q*, P* and markups when there are two firms? Provide some intuition for these predictions. c.…arrow_forward
- Consider an industry comprised of three identical firms faced with a linear cost function given by: C(qi) = cqi; for i = 1; 2; 3. Let inverse market demand be given by: P(Q) = a - bQ; where Q = q1 + q2 + q3.a. Compute the Cournot equilibrium; that is, find prices, quantities, and profits.b. Suppose that firms 1 and 2 merge, converting the market into a duopoly consisting of the “superfirm” and firm 3. Compute the new Cournot equilibrium. Once again find prices, quantities, and profits.c. Suppose that all three firms merge. Compute quantities, prices, and profits for the cartel solution.d. Suppose that firm 1 and 2 represent two members of OPEC – Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, say – while firm 3 is a non-OPEC oil exporting country – Russia, say. Describe the dynamics of OPEC. (Hint: re-interpret the solution to part 2, as 1 firm deviating from the fully cartelized solution. Is it convenient to have a partial cartel?)arrow_forwardConsider an industry with two identical firms (denoted firm 1 and 2) producing a homogenous good. Firms compete in quantities. Firm 1 has a constant marginal cost of 20. Firm 2 has a constant marginal cost of 80. Demand in the industry is given by D(p) = 380 - p. Let q1 and 92 denote the quantities of firm 1 and 2, respectively. Derive the Nash equilibrium in quantities. What is the total production in this industry?arrow_forwardSuppose that firms in a two-firm industry choose quantities every month, and each month the firms sell at the market-clearing price determined by the quantities they choose. Each firm has a constant marginal cost, and the market demand curve is linear of the form P = a - bQ, where Q is total industry quantity and P is the market price. Suppose that initially each firm has the same constant marginal cost. Further suppose that each month the firms attain the Cournot equilibrium in quantities. a) Suppose that it is observed that from one month to the next Firm 1’s quantity goes down, Firm 2’s quantity goes up, and the market price goes up. A change in the demand and/or cost conditions consistent with what we observe is: i) The market demand curve shifted leftward in a parallel fashion. ii) The market demand curve shifted rightward in a parallel fashion. iii) Firm 1’s marginal cost went up, while Firm 2’s marginal cost stayed the same. iv) Firm 2’s…arrow_forward
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