you are provided with counts of F1 and F2 offspring with given genders and disease phenotypes. The data are generated from an initial parental cross. One parent displays the disease phenotype and one displays the wild-type (WT) phenotype. The WT parent always has a homozygous genotype. There are three possible modes of inheritance that underlie the generation of the data. All are monogenic. They are: (i)   Autosomal Recessive. (ii)  Homozygous Lethal Dominant. (iii) Autosomal Dominant. One's phenotype is determined by their genotype at the disease locus and the mode of inheritance, as we have seen with the Punnett Square. In this assignment you are provided with a computer generated mode of inheritance. Your task is to perform a chi-square goodness of fit test on the F2 data and make a decision, based on your statistical analysis, as to whether you reject or do not reject the computer generated mode of inheritance as being consistent with the observed data. The mode of inheritance you are to test on the observed data is autosomal recessive.   PARENTAL CROSS   Parental cross: Father with disease phenotype, Mother with wild-type phenotype.   F1 DATA   Phenotype Gender     Disease     Wild-Type   Male           18               23 Female         22               17   F2 DATA   Phenotype Gender  Disease      Wild-Type   Male      22                    23 Female    15                   20   Gender Phenotype Observed counts (O)  Expected Proportions  Expected Counts (E)  (O-E)  (O-E)^2/E  Male WT 23         Male Disease 22         Female WT 20         Female Disease 15         Total   80                   DegFrdm             P-value

A Pew Research study conducted in 2017 found that approximately 75% of Americans believe that robots and computers might one day do many of the jobs currently done by people.† Suppose we have the following data collected from nurses, tax auditors, and fast-food workers in which a higher score means the person feels his or her job is more likely to be automated. Nurse TaxAuditor Fast-FoodWorker 3 4 5 4 5 8 6 4 6 2 4 8 3 6 5 3 3 6 4 5 6 5 3 4 (a) Use ? = 0.05 to test for differences in the belief that a person's job is likely to be automated for the three professions. State the null and alternative hypotheses. H0: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker     Ha: μNurse ≠ μTax auditor ≠ μFast-food worker H0: At least two of the population means are equal.     Ha: At least two of the population means are different.     H0: Not all the population means are equal.     Ha: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker H0: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker     Ha:…

Twins In 2000 The Journal of the American MedicalAssociation published a study that examined a sample ofpregnancies that resulted in the birth of twins. Birthswere classified as preterm with intervention (inducedlabor or cesarean), preterm without such procedures, or term or postterm. Researchers also classified the pregnan-cies by the level of prenatal medical care the mother received (inadequate, adequate, or intensive). The data,from the years 1995–1997, are summarized in the tablebelow. Figures are in thousands of births. (JAMA 284[2000]: 335–341)Is there evidence of an association between the durationof the pregnancy and the level of care received by themother? Twin Births, 1995–1997 (in Thousands)Preterm(induced orCesarean)Preterm(withoutprocedures)Term orpostterm Total Level ofPrenatal CareIntensive 18 15 28 61Adequate 46 43 65 154Inadequate 12 13 38 63Total 76 71 131 278

In the early 1970s, a young man challenged an Oklahoma state law that prohibited the sale of 3.2% beer to males under age 21 but allowed its sale to females in the same age group. The case (Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190, 1976) was ultimately heard by the U.S. Supreme Court. The state of Oklahoma argued that the law improved traffic safety. One of the three main pieces of data presented to the court was the result of a “random roadside survey.” This survey gathered information on gender and whether or not the driver had been drinking alcohol in the previous 2 hours. A total of 619 drivers under 21 years of age were included in the survey. The chi-square test statistic is approximately 1.64 for this data. Find the P-value State a conclusion at a 5% level of significance. Do you think that the data supports the Oklahoma law that forbids sale of 3.2% beer to males and permits it to females? See image.

Education influences attitude and lifestyle. Differences in education are a big factor in the "generation gap." Is the younger generation really better educated? Large surveys of people age 65 and older were taken in n1 = 38 U.S. cities. The sample mean for these cities showed that x1 = 15.2% of the older adults had attended college. Large surveys of young adults (age 25 - 34) were taken in n2 = 37 U.S. cities. The sample mean for these cities showed that x2 = 18.1% of the young adults had attended college. From previous studies, it is known that ?1 = 6.4% and ?2 = 4.8%. Does this information indicate that the population mean percentage of young adults who attended college is higher? Use ? = 0.05. What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Test the difference ?1 − ?2. Round your answer to two decimal places.)=__(c) Find (or estimate) the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)=__

We are interested in analysing the effect of the lockout laws introduced in some areas of the Sydney CBD and nearby surrounds on the number of alcohol-related violent incidents.  Suppose we have two samples of data on the number of violent incidents in a number of local areas of the Sydney CBD and nearby surrounds. Pubs, hotels and clubs located in a subset of these areas became subject to the lockout laws when they were introduced in 2014. The first sample is from 2010 before the introduction of the lockout laws, and the second is from 2015 after the introduction of the law. The hypothesis we wish to test is that the introduction of the lockout laws reduces violent incidents in the areas in which the lockout laws were put in place.  We use a difference-in-difference model on the pooled data from 2010 and 2015. We find the following results: viol_inc hat = 33.21 (5.29) + 12.43lockout (7.01) – 4.19Yr2015 (2.98) – 3.32 (lockout x Yr2015) (1.85) N = 181, R^2 = 0.128 Where: viol_incis the…

The Wisconsin Fish and Game Department stocked a lake with 30% catfish, 15 % bass, 40% bluegill, and 15% Northern Pike. Five years later they took a random sample of 500 fish from the lake and found 120 catfish, 85 bass, 220 bluegill, and 75 Northern Pike. At the 5% level of significance, can we show that the distribution of fish changed over the 5-year interval? State and test appropriate hypotheses. State conclusions.

The Commissioner of Health in New York State wanted to study malpractice litigation in New York. A sample of 31 thousand medical records was drawn from a population of 2.7 million patients who were discharged during the year 2009. The collection, presentation, and characterization of the data from patient medical records are examples of ________

A study of breast cancer in postmenopausal women included 500 cases of invasive breast cancer and 500 subjects without breast cancer matched to the cases by age and location of residence. The following data were collected for these subjects about their use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Based on these data, answer the following questions. STATUS CASES CONTROLS Estrogen Replacement Therapy 250 100 No ERT 250 400 4. What is the odds of using ERT among the controls? O 400/650 O 100/300 100/500 100/400

You may need to use the appropriate technology to answer this question. A certain manufacturer is a producer of aluminum components for the avionics and automotive industries. At its plant, an engineer has conducted a quality-control test in which aluminum coils produced in all three shifts were inspected. The study was designed to determine if the population proportion of good parts was the same for all three shifts. Sample data follow.   Production Shift Quality First Second Third Good 282 364 172 Defective 18 36 28 (1) Using a 0.05 level of significance, conduct a hypothesis test to determine if the population proportion of good parts is the same for all three shifts. State the null and alternative hypotheses. A) H0: p1 = p2 = p3 Ha: Not all population proportions are equal. B) H0: p1 ≠ p2 ≠ p3 Ha: All population proportions are equal.     C) H0: At least two population proportions are equal. Ha: p1 ≠ p2 ≠ p3 D) H0: Not all population proportions are equal. Ha: p1 =…