Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780190698614
Author: Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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You are asked to determine the concentration of a diffusing gas at a given depth on a metal surface after a given time. If you know the temperature of the metal, the surface concentration of the gas, and the diffusion coefficient, describe how you would approach this problem.
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- Gaseous hydrogen at a constant pressure is to flow within the inside of a thin-walled cylindrical tube of nickel. Consider the steady-state diffusion of hydrogen through the walls of this cylindrical nickel tube. One design calls for a diffusion flux of 5 x 10-8 mol/m2.s, a tube radius of 0.125 m, and inside and outside pressures of 0.5065 MPa (5 atm) and 0.0203 MPa (0.2 atm), respectively; the maximum allowable temperature is 450°C. In case the wall thickness is 2 mm and the yield strength is greater than twice the circumferential stress, what would be the temperature to give this diffusion flux and yet ensure that the tube walls will not experience any permanent deformation? i °Carrow_forwardIf the average velocity of molecules in a gas is 104 cm/s and the mean free path is 10-5 cm then the diffusion coefficient is: O a. 5x10-2 cm2/s O b. 5X10-5 cm2/S O c. 5x10-3 cm²/s O d. 5X10-4 cm²/sarrow_forward6. A sheet of steel 1.5 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200C and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 10-11 m2/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 10-7 kg/m2-s. Also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 4 kg/m3. How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m3? Assume a linear concentration profile.arrow_forward
- Aluminum atoms are to be diffused into a silicon wafer using both predeposition and drive-in heat treatments; the background concentration of Al in this silicon material is known to be 3.5 × 101⁹ atoms/m³. The drive-in diffusion treatment is to be carried out at 1050°C for a period of 4.0 h, which gives a junction depth x; of 3.0 µm. Compute the predeposition diffusion time at 950°C if the surface concentration is maintained at a constant level of 2 x 1025 atoms/m³. For the diffusion of Al in Si, values of Qd and Do are 3.41 eV and 1.38 × 10-4 m²/s, respectively.arrow_forwardI am trying to calculate surface concentration: gamma = -(1/RT)(dy/d(ln(C)) and express in units of mol/m^2. However I cannot seem to get the units right. I am unsure which R gas constant units to use. I need to convert the (dy/d(ln(C)) units: (dyn/cm)(mol/L) into terms of mol/m^2. And the same for the R gas constant units.arrow_forwardDON'T COPY CHEGG. I NEED A NEW ANSWER!!!arrow_forward
- Calculate the capillary effect in mm in a glass tube of 2mm diameter, when immersed in (1)water, (2)mercury. The temperature of the liquid is 25°C and the values of surface tensions of water and mercury at 25°C in contact with air is 0.0755 and 0.59N/m respectively. The angle of contact for water is 0° and 130° for mercury . Take the density of water 1000 kg/m3, specific gravity of mercury is 13.6. The capillary effect of water in mm is equal to= The capillary effect of mercury in mm is equal to=arrow_forwardA thermal evaporator is used to deposit aluminum. The aluminum charge is maintained at a uniform temperature of 1100 o C. If the the vapor pressure of aluminum is about 1x10-3 torr at that temperature, calculate the evaporation rate of aluminum?arrow_forwardThe diffusion coefficient of Ni in Cu at 1025 C is 10-9 cm2 s-1. How long does it take for the mean square root of the distance to be 1 cm?arrow_forward
- Thermal fluid mechanics Detailed solution With an understanding of the laws of the subjectarrow_forwardTrue or False? Justify your answer. A. In a rectangular drug delivery device that consists of a drug reservoir and a diffusion barrier made of a polymer gel, the steady state diffusion (mass transfer) rate through a barrier of thickness 1 cm was found to be 20 mg/day. If the barrier thickness were to be doubled keeping the reservoir drug concentration the same, the mass transfer rate would be 10 mg/day. B. In a spherical drug delivery device consisting of a core reservoir surrounded by a polymer gel barrier, the steady state diffusion (mass transfer) rate through a barrier of thickness 1 cm was found to be 20 mg/day. If the barrier thickness were to be doubled keeping the reservoir drug concentration the same, the mass transfer rate would be 10 mg/day.arrow_forwardA thin plastic membrane is used to separate helium from a current.gaseous. Under steady-state conditions, a concentration of helium in the membrane is known to be 0.02 and 0.005 kmol/m³ on the inner and outer surfaces, respectively. If the membrane has a thickness of 1 mm and the coefficient ofbinary diffusion of helium to plastic is 10^(-9) m²/ s, what is the value of the flow diffusive?arrow_forward
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