y if p-a is a

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
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ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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please prove the theorem

7.23. Theorem. Let p be a prime congruent to 3 modulo 4. Let a be a natural number with
1< a <p-1. Then a is a quadratic residue modulo p if and only if p-a is a quadratic
nonresidue modulo p.
Transcribed Image Text:7.23. Theorem. Let p be a prime congruent to 3 modulo 4. Let a be a natural number with 1< a <p-1. Then a is a quadratic residue modulo p if and only if p-a is a quadratic nonresidue modulo p.
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