Write a Verilog code with testbench for 16-bit up/down counter with synchronous reset and synchronous up/down. If up/down is set the counter is up counter and if it is not set, the counter is a down counter.

2. In the NUCLEO-F401RE board, user LED (green one) is connected to PA.5(GPIOA and pin 5), the Bule user button is connected to PC.13(GPIOC and pin 13). Using this information, write a sequence of C instructions that would do the following. a. Configure the GPIO pin connected to the Green LED as an output. b. Write a 1 to the pin to turn on the Green LED by writing to the output data register (ODR) of that GPIO port. c. Configure the GPIO pin connected to the push button as an input. d. Read the state of the button by reading the input data register (IDR) of that GPIO port. Notes: provide the segments of your codes. You do not need to provide an entire declaration of GPIOX address and related registers struct of the GPIO (we assume they are already declared). For example, if you want to read the input data for pin 15 of GPIOC, the following code is sufficient: int a GPIOC->IDR & (1 << 15);

Explain the significance of VRMs (Voltage Regulator Modules) on a motherboard and how they impact CPU performance and stability.