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- Briefly explain the principles involved in the separation of the components of a mixture by solvent extraction.What is the strength of the ionic interactions between an ion with 1 positive charges and an ion with 2 negative charges, when the distance between them is 19.4 nanometers and the solvent is water, at 25 oC with a dielectric constant of 78.5?(a) What is "Calcination" in Refractories? What is its purpose during the manufacture of refractories?
- Solutions of three electrolytes have the same ionic strength and different dielectric constants as 4, 25 and 81 and expected temperature is 225 K, 256 K and 298 K. The corresponding relative magnitude of Debye-Huckel screening lengths of the three solutions are: (a) 60, 400 and 1377(b) 30, 80 and 155(c) 15/2, 16/5, and 17/9b) In one conductivity cell, the resistance of a 0.1 M KCl solution is 1.5x102 Ω. The knownmolar conductivity of the solution is 101 Ω-1 cm2 mol-1 . Calculate the cell constant, Kcell. (Kcell unit is cm-1).In an experiment to determine the concentration of H2SO4 in a brand of toilet cleanser, 10.0 cm3 of the cleanser was first diluted to 250.0 cm3 with distilled water. 25.0 cm3 of the diluted cleanser were titrated with 0.320 mol dm–3 NaOH solution, using methyl orange as indicator.If 29.2 cm3 of NaOH solution is used, what is the concentration of H2SO4 in the undiluted toilet cleanser?a. 2.30 mol dm–3b. 4.60 mol dm–3 c. 9.20 mol dm–3 d. 11.50 mol dm–3
- Give the definition of the inductive effect. What is the reason for its appearance in the molecule? Show the effect of the inductive effect in molecules: bromoethane CH3CH3Br; ethanol CH3CH2OH; fluoroethane CH3CH2F.(c) Briefly state the 4 Hume-Rothery rules that give guidelines on the likelihood of substitutional solid solubility of 2 metals.The large surface-to mass ratio of colloidal particles supports the goal of adsorption indicators, but the coagulation sometimes interferes with desired results. Explain how the coagulation is beneficial in gravimetric analysis but is detrimental to volumetric analysis.
- Calculate the pH of a 1.50 M (CH3)3NHBR solution (aq., 25 °C). 3). Kb (CH3)3N = 6.31 x 10-5.Calculate the Debye length (1/k) of the double electric layer near the charged surface in KCl solutions of two concentrations c1 =0.01 M and c2= 0.1 M.Penicillin F is recovered from a dilute aqueous fermentation broth by extraction with amyl acetate, using 6.5 volumes of solvent per 100. volumes of the aqueous phase. At pH = 3.8 the distribution coefficient KD is 74. (a) What fraction of the penicillin would be recovered in a single ideal stage? (b) What would be the recovery with three-stage extraction using fresh solvent in both stages? (c) How many ideal stages would be needed to give the same recovery as in part (b) if a counterflow cascade were used with V/L = 0.065?