Wollemia nobilis, family Araucariaceae, phylum Coniferophyta, was discovered recently in a National Park in New South Wales, Australia. This stand of trees is remote and difficult to access. These trees can grow to 40 meters tall. Sadly, this stand of trees has been infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi. An extensive breeding program was undertaken and now this beautiful and ancient tree is readily available for purchase. The common name for this tree is the Wollemi Pine. Answer the following questions in sentence format, that are related to the above case study. e. How did Phythophthora cinnamon enter this remote location to infect these trees?

TCE Uptake by Transgenic Plants Plants used for phytoremediation take up organic pollutants, then transport the chemicals to plant tissues, where they are stored or broken down. Researchers are now designing transgenic plants with enhanced ability to take up or break down toxins. In 2007, Sharon Doty and her colleagues published the results of their efforts to design plants for phytoremediation of soil and air containing organic solvents. The researchers used Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Section 15.7) to deliver a mammalian gene into poplar plants. The gene encodes cytochrome P450, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of a range of organic molecules, including solvents such as TCE. FIGURE 28.16 shows data from one test on the resulting transgenic plants. FIGURE 28.16 TCE uptake from air by transgenic poplar plants. Individual potted plants were kept in separate seated containers with an initial level of TCE (trichloroethylene) around 15,000 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Samples of the air in the containers were taken daily and measured for TCE content. Controls included a tree transgenic for a Ti plasmid with no cytochrome P450 in it (vector control), and a bare-root transgenic tree (one that was not planted in soil. 4. Assuming no other experiments were done, what two explanations are there for the results of this experiment? What other control might the researchers have used?

Figure 47.6 Scientists measured the relative abundance ot fern spores above and below the K-Pg boundary in this reck sample. Which of the following statements most likely represents their findings? An abundance of fern spores from several species was found below the K-Pg boundary, but none was found above. An abundance of fern spores from several species was found above the K-Pg boundary, but none was found below. An abundance of fern spores was found both above and below the K-Pg boundary, but only one species was found below the boundary , and many species were found above the boundary. Many species of fern spores were found both above and below the boundary, but the total number of spores was greater below the boundary.

Seed plants are. all homosporous mostly homosporous with some heteros porous mostly heteros porous with some homosporous all heterosporous

Figure 1.7 Taxonomic classification of five species that are related at different levels. Each species has been assigned to ever more inclusive groups, or taxa: in this case, from genus to domain. From the left, Joaquim Gaspar; kymkemp.com; Sylvie Bouchard/Shutterstock.com; Courtesy of Melissa S. Green, www.flickr.com/photos/henkimaa; Grodana Sarkotic. Figure It Out: Which of the plants shown here are in the same order?

Heliotropism may be related to ________ a. photo tropism b. gravitropism c. photoperiodism d. a and c

Figure 21.6 The Svalbard seed vault is located on Spitsbergen island in Norway, which has an arctic climate. Why might an arctic climate be good for seed Storage?

In bryophytes, eggs are fertilized in a chamber on the ________ and a zygote develops into a _______. a. sporophyte; gametophyte b. gametophyte; sporophyte c. sorus; cone

The production of megaphylls by many different species of plants is an example of. parallel evolution analogy divergent evolution homology

In flowers, the structures that produce male gametophytes are called _______ ;the strcutures that produce female gametophytes are called _______ . a. pollen grains; flowers c. anthers; stigma b. stamen; carpels d. megaspores; microspores