Why or why not can solar induced fluorescence be used to infer net photosynthesis?

What purpose does the thylakoid space serve during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Thoroughly explain all the steps of the light reaction of photosynthesis. Please also demonstrate using arrows what occur in each step.thank you

Photosystems are essential to the light reactions. Which of the following is true about photosystems?    a) Photosystems are embedded within membranes, across which they create a proton gradient. b) Photosystems work together to absorb light over a larger surface area than could be possible from just one pigment molecule working alone. c) Photosystems are composed of proteins and pigment molecules. d) All of the above

An experiment was done to determine how color of light and distance affects photosynthetic activity of the pond weed. Pond weed was placed in a test tube containing a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, and had its end cut; light was placed 50 cm away and four colors were tested (clear, red, blue, and green). After placing the light, the pondweed was given a certain amount of time to adjust before counting the bubbles, bubbles were counted for 1, 3, and 5 minutes. Only the bubbles that came out of the cut end was counted to represent the rate of photosynthesis. Below is the tabulated results. What are the possible factors or errors that could have affected clear/white light to have lower photosynthetic activity? In theory this should have the highest rate.