Why might stars true masses be higher than the value calculated

List the following 5 terms in order through a stars life cycle (starting with the sun), through the remainder of its lifetime: a. Black dwarf b. Planetary nebula c. Red giant d. Star (Sun) e. White dwarf

Which statement is most logical?  a First stars are thought to have been more massive than Sun because the materials used to make clouds were more abundant at the beginning  b First stars are thought to have been more massive than Sun because the temperatures of the clouds that made them were higher because they consisted entirely of hydrogen and helium  c First stars are thought to have been more massive than Sun because star-forming clouds were much denser early in time  d First stars are thought to have been more massive than Sun because the clouds that made them were much more massive

what is the mass of a star with a main- sequence lifetime of 3 billion years

What is the total mass of a visual binary system if the average separation of the stars is 7.1 AU and their orbital period is 12 years?

In the star clusters shown, which one is younger and why?

What is the mass of a star with a main-sequence lifetime of 6 billion years?

how is the rotation curve method related to binary stars and Kepler’s third law?