Why is the R-2R ladder DAC design better than a binary-weighted DAC design, particularly if you extend to 16 bits?

Q2. Determine the resolution expressed as a percentage of 16-bit DAC.

5. Find the transfer functions of the systems represented by signal flow graphs shown in Figures 3.52 and 3.53. (a) G, Figure 3.52 Signal flow graph. 68 Introduction to Linear and Digital Control Systems (b) G. G2 G, --H, --H, Figure 3.53 Signal flow graph.

4. a) Based on non-linear circuits: i) Draw a block diagram representing a general oscillator. ii) State the Barkhausen Criterion. b) Consider the Schmitt trigger circuit shown in Figure Q4(a) where the comparator output saturation voltages are given as Vm+ = +15V and Vm- = -12V. R₁ Vow VR R₂ www R₁ Figure Q4(a) i) Calculate the upper and lower threshold voltages at Va if R₁ = 10 k2, R₂ = 20 kn and VR = 3V. ii) Compute the hysteresis voltage, VH. iii) Sketch the transfer characteristics (V₁ vs Va). c) Consider the oscillator shown in Figure Q4(b). i) Name the oscillator type. ii) Deduce the oscillation frequency equation. R₂ Vb Figure Q4(b) V out Z₁