Pls help due asap Why does the reaction proceed readily as written under physiological conditions?The reaction is pushed forward by the energetically favorable oxidation of fumarate to malate.The NADH produced during glycolysis drives the reaction in the direction of malate oxidation.The steady-state concentrations of the products are low compared with those of the substrates.Endergonic reactions such as this occur spontaneously without the input of free energy.Assuming an [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio of 8, a temperature of 25°C, and a pH of 7, what is the lowest [malate]/[oxaloacetate] ratioat which oxaloacetate can be formed from malate?[malate][oxaloacetate]- The oxidation of malate by NAD to form oxaloacetate is a highly endergonic reaction under standard conditions.AG" = +29 kJ mol-¹ (+7 kcal mol-¹)Malate + NAD+=oxaloacetate + NADH + H+The reaction proceeds readily under physiological conditions.Why does the reaction proceed readily as written under physiological conditions?The reaction is pushed forward by the energetically favorable oxidation of fumarate to malate.The NADH produced during glycolysis drives the reaction in the direction of malate oxidation.The steady-state concentrations of the products are low compared with those of the substrates.Endergonic reactions such as this occur spontaneously without the input of free energy.

gives the change in Gibbs free energy under standard conditions. The conditions prevalent inside organisms are often not standard conditions. gives the change in Gibbs free energy at a particular condition like the physiological condition.If the change in Gibbs free energy for a reaction has a positive value, then it means that reaction is not energetically favorable to take place in that condition. Such reactions would require an input of energy to take place and are called endergonic reactions.If the change in Gibbs free energy for a reaction has a negative value, then it means that reaction is energetically favorable to take place in that condition. Such reactions do not require an input of energy to take place and are called exergonic reactions.Some reactions have a positive value but a negative value at physiological conditions. Such reactions do not take place readily at standard conditions but do take place readily (spontaneously) under physiological conditions.The malate dehydrogenase reaction in the direction of malate oxidation is given below.Malate + NAD+ Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+The reaction has a positive value and hence does not take place readily under standard conditions. The reaction following malate oxidation in the citric acid cycle is synthesis of citrate from oxaloacetate by citrate synthase. This reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase has large negative and values (). Due to this, citrate synthase reaction uses most of the oxaloacetate and hence the oxaloacetate concentration inside intact cells is very low (less than 10-6 M) under physiological conditions.Here;'R' is the universal gas constant and has the value 8.314 J mol-1 K-1.'T' is the temperature in kelvin. To convert degree Celsius to kelvin, add the degree value with 273.15.If the product concentration is lower than the substrate concentration, then becomes a negative value and thereby tends the value to become negative. This is case with malate dehydrogenase reaction. Due to the highly exergonic activity of citrate synthase reaction, the oxaloacetate concentration inside cells is low. Since, oxaloacetate is one of the products of malate dehydrogenase reaction, value becomes negative even though is positive.So, third option is the correct option. Steady state concentration implies the concentration generally observed inside cells.Malate hydrogenase reaction is pushed forward by the energetically favorable citrate synthase reaction, not the oxidation of fumarate to malate. So, option 1 is incorrect.NADH produced during glycolysis cannot drive malate oxidation as NAD+ is the coenzyme for malate oxidation. High NADH concentration inhibits malate oxidation rather than promoting it. So, option 2 is incorrect.Endergonic reactions cannot take place spontaneously without the input of energy. So, option 4 is incorrect.We are asked to find the lowest [malate]/[oxaloacetate] value at which oxaloacetate can be formed from malate. It's not mentioned which condition is to be considered here, so we are assuming physiological conditions at 250C.Oxaloacetate will be formed from malate once value goes below 0. i.e. For the condition to be satisfed, .So, the [malate]/[oxaloacetate] value should be greater than 15058.19 for malate to be converted into oxaloacetate.So, we can say that the lowest [malate]/[oxaloacetate] ratio at which malate gets converted to oxaloacetate is 15058.2.The steady state concentration of products is low compared with those of substrates.