Q: A gene contains 30% thymine. What is the percentage of pyrimidines present in this segment? Explain.
A: Purines and pyrimidines are chemical molecules that play a role in the production of DNA and RNA and…
Q: What is topoisomerase I ?
A: Answer- There are many enzymes that help in the DNA replication.
Q: What is the function of telomerase?
A: The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary material that transmits the genetic information…
Q: The restriction enzyme Alu I cleaves at the sequence 5’-AGCT- 3' , and Not I cleaves at 5'…
A: Restriction enzymes or restriction endonucleases are endonuclease enzymes capable of recognizing a…
Q: Why do adult human cells (other than germ cells and stem cells) NOT express the enzyme telomerase?…
A: Telomerase expression is required for cell immortalization ( in cancer cells) and long term tumour…
Q: What do you mean by Error-Prone Repair by Nonhomologous End Joining?
A: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double strand breaks in DNA. NHEJ is…
Q: What does telomerase use as a template to make DNA?
A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material present in most of the living organisms,…
Q: What is Simple sequence repeat?
A: The genome of every individual contains millions of genetic variation or variants which make each…
Q: The topoisomerase enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of the relaxed and supercoiled forms of DNA…
A: DNA replication is the process of the formation of identical copies of DNA. It occurs in nucleus of…
Q: How do you think it is possible for mice to develop for nine days without ligase 1-the ligase that…
A: During cell division, DNA replication is the process by which DNA duplicates itself. In mice, DNA…
Q: What are the two enzymatic functions of reverse transcriptase?
A: Enzymes are the biocatalyst that catalyzes the biochemical reactions or processes by lowering the…
Q: If circular B-DNA is positively supercoiled, will these supercoils be left- or right-handed?
A: Supercoiling of DNA is a biological process that regulated the unwinding and rewinding of the DNA…
Q: What is the significance of the terminal inverted repeats oftransposons?
A: Transposons are the sequences of the nucleotides in the genome that have the ability to change their…
Q: What food contains telomerase?
A: Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for the maintenance of the length of telomeres by the addition…
Q: What is a telomere problem and how is telomerase useful in this context?
A: Telomere is the sequence of repetitive nucleotides present at the ends of the chromosomes. Telomeres…
Q: What is the reason that eukaryotic cells require telomerase, but bacterial cells do not?
A: Telomerase is also known as a terminal transferase. it is a ribonucleoprotein that is required to…
Q: How can these designed nucleases alter the sequence of the genomic DNA?
A: The Common approach to understand gene function in a systematic and unbiased way is including…
Q: in the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 13% of the nucleotides are adenine. What are the percentages…
A: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a double-stranded, right-handed helical molecule that is twisted…
Q: Considering prokaryotes, what is the enzyme that helps hold DNA polymerase III in place when…
A: In prokaryotes, replication is a process by which it makes identical copies of DNA. The process…
Q: What causes trinucleotide repeat expansion?
A: Trinucleotide repeat expansion or triplet repeat expansion refers to the mutation of DNA consisting…
Q: What is histone ocatmer?
A: The histones are highly basic proteins present in eukaryotic cells nuclei. It packs and order the…
Q: Why would telomerase be considered a reverse transcriptase?
A: Telomerase: It is also known as a terminal transferase. A telomere present on the end position of…
Q: What mutagen causes thymine dimers, and why does it kill cells?
A: A mutation occurs/happens when the sequence/structure of DNA changes. Mutations can occur/happens as…
Q: What is methylated cap?
A: Post-transcriptional modification includes a set of biological process occurring in eukaryotes by…
Q: Why would replication come to a halt in the absence of topoisomerase II?
A: Two identical copies of the original DNA are produced as a result of the DNA replication process. In…
Q: What similarities and differences exist in the enzymatic activities of DNA polymerases I and III?…
A: The process of replication in living cells requires a set of enzymes and DNA dependent DNA…
Q: Budding yeasts such as S. cerevisiae exhibit telomerase activity throughout their life cycles,…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: What is the significance that the cleavage site is 10-base-pairs long?
A: Biomolecules are organic molecules that occur and function in living systems. They include…
Q: Why is telomerase used by some eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells? Clearly explain what the…
A: a. Telomere is and end of a chromosome. They are only present in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes…
Q: The enzyme telomerase is part protein and part RNA. What would be the most likely effect of a large…
A: Introduction Ageing of cells can be attributed to several factors such as degradation of cellular…
Q: What is the real definition of DNA ligase to make it true
A: In DNA replication, an enzyme called DNA ligase is used during cell division. After the primer is…
Q: What mutagen results to the formation of thymine dimers?
A: Asked : Mutagen which results to the formation of thymine dimers
Q: Extrachromosomal DNA is critical to the antibiotic resistance found in microorganisms, how do these…
A: Extrachromosomal DNA means a DNA which is present independently of the main DNA or chromosome.…
Q: How do type IA, type IB, and type II topoisomerases alter DNA topology?Which processes require the…
A: Enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of any chemical reaction without being used…
Q: What is the difference between terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase from other polymerases?
A: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT) is a DNA polymerase that is available in youthful pre-B…
Q: How did telomerase respond to acute stress?
A: By lengthening telomeres and supporting cell growth and longevity, telomerase activity is critical…
Q: What are the variable number of tandem repeats?
A: Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) are regions in the genome where a short nucleotide…
Q: What are histone octamer?
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures situated inside the nucleus of plant and animal cells. Each…
Q: A number of scientists who study cancer treatment have become interested in telomerase. Why? How…
A: The ends of the linear chromosomes are called telomeres. Replication of DNA by DNA polymerase…
Q: What are palindromes, and how are they related to restriction endonucleases? Why are they useful for…
A: The two strands of polynucleotides that make up the DNA molecule are intertwined in a helical…
Q: You are studying a small eukaryotic gene of about 2000 bp in length. About how many copies of…
A: There are histone octamers found in the genetic arrangement whose knowledge can be used to answer…
Q: Telomerase activity has been found to be 10 to 20 times more active in cancer cells than in normal…
A: The telomere is considered as the end region of the DNA, which possesses a repetitive non-coding…
Q: what are the types of topoisomerase ?
A: Topoisomerase is a nick releasing enzyme that can relax or insert super coils and relieve torsional…
Q: Why is transcriptionally active chromatin ∼10 times more susceptible to cleavage by DNase I than…
A: Chromatin : It is the material that makes up a chromosome that consists of DNA and proteins. The…
Why do human germ cells (cells that undergo meiosis to produce gametes) express the enzyme telomerase?
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- A cell has a diploid number of 12 (2n=24)a) how many chromosomes are present in a daughter cell after meiosis I?b) how many chromatids are present in a daughter cell after meiosis I?c) how many chromosomes are present in a daughter cell after meiosis II?d) how many chromatids are present in a daughter cell after meiosis II?e) how many chromosomes are present in a daughter cell after mitosis?A cell has a diploid number of 12 (2n=12)a) how many chromosomes are present in a daughter cell after meiosis I? b) how many chromatids are present in a daughter cell after meiosis I?c) how many chromosomes are present in a daughter cell after meiosis II? d) how many chromatids are present in a daughter cell after meiosis II? e) how many chromosomes are present in a daughter cell after mitosis?A cell undergoing division has a haploid chromosome number of 15. Give the numerical value for each of the following: a) number of chromatids in a cell in anaphase of mitosisb) number of chromosomes in a cell in metaphase of mitosisc) number of homologous pairs in a cell in prophase of meiosis I d) number of chromatids in a cell in metaphase of meiosis IIe) number of centromeres in a cell in prophase of meiosis II f) number of centromeres following cytokinesis of meiosis I
- How does prohpahse in mitosis differ from prohpahse 1 in meiosis? What genetic advantage does prohpahse 1 in meiosis offer that prohpahse in mitosis does not offerIf the amount (mass) of DNA in a diploid cell during G1 phase prior to meiosis I is 8 pg (picograms), how much DNA would be present in a daughter cell immediately following: A) meiosis I? B) meiosis II? (for your information, this cell will function as a gamete) HINT: Go through the process of meiosis one step at a time. DNA replication would double the amount of DNA in the cell, cell division divides the DNA into two daughter cells.In a turtle species, a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle contains 22 picograms of DNA (picogram is a measure of the total mass of the DNA present). How much DNA is present in a cell of the same species at prophase II of meiosis (prophase of the second meiotic division)?
- During meiotic prophase in a eukaryotic cell, Spo11 initiates recombination by causing a double-strand break in DNA between Gene A and Gene B on one sister chromatid. Which of these events will occur prior to formation of a Holliday junction? A) A heteroduplex forms due to pairing of Gene A and Gene B. B) Resolvase cuts all four chromatids. C) Spo11 causes a double-strand break in a nonsister chromatid. D) Strand invasion causes one strand of the uncut chromatid to form a D loop. E) Branch migration lengthens the heteroduplex region to include Gene A and GeneA typical somatic cell from a badger, which is a diploid, sexually reproducing animal, contains a total of 32 chromosomes. Gametogenesis in badgers is similar to humans. What is the genome size for the badger in terms of chromosome number? How many DNA molecules would be found in a secondary oocyte before dividing? How many chromosomes would be found in a cell at metaphase? How many DNA molecules should be in a tetraploid liver cell from the badger?What is the mechanism of generating aneuploiding A) Mitotic unequal segregation of chromatidsB)Meiotic nondisjunction of chromosomesC) Mitotic nondisjunction of chromosomal pairs
- Human cells normally have 46 chromosomes. For each of the following stages, state the number of chromosomes present in the particular cell.a) metaphase of mitosisb) metaphase I of meiosis c) telophase of mitosisd) telophase I of meiosis e) telophase II of meiosis (Remember that a pair of attached chromatids count as one chromosome.)Structurally, meiotic cohesins have different components than mitotic cohesins. This leads to what function differences?One reason that worker bees forgo their own reproduction to help their sister (the queen) reproduce is that female bees are more closely related to their sisters than they are to their own offspring. This quirk of genetics results from the fact that bees have haplodiploid sex determination, in which females are diploid, with a mother and a father, but males are haploid, developing from unfertilized eggs. Because males are haploid, they produce sperm by mitosis. Explainwhy haplodiploid sex determination causes females to be more closely related to their sisters than to their offspring.