Why do alpha and beta tubulin monomers differ in sequence by 60%?

Q: In some autoimmune diseases, an individual develops antibodies that recognize cell constituents such…

A:

Q: Which proteins help other polypeptides to fold into the right shape?

A: Proteins are composed of amino acids. They are linked together by peptide linkages. Proteins have…

Q: What causes the coiling of protein and polynucleic acid molecules?

A: A physical process by which a chain of the polypeptide is translated into its native 3-D structure,…

Q: Why do proteins precipitate at high salt concentrations? Although many proteins precipitate at high…

A: Proteins exist in colloidal solution due to hydration of polar groups (-COO-, -NH3+, -OH).…

Q: Describe the structure of IgG in detail by referring to the different levels of protein structure

A: Antibodies are glycoprotein, which has antigen-binding site, each amino acid has different amino…

Q: Why are salt bridges (ionic interactions) in proteins sensitive to pH?

A: Salt bridges : A salt bridge or ion bridge in electrochemistry, is a laboratory device used to…

Q: 48. Aquaporins are located within the lipid bilayer of a cell's piasma membrane, which act as a…

A: NOTE: DISCLAIMER: Since you have asked multiple questions, we have solved the first question for…

Q: Which dastardly proteins help polypeptides fold into an incorrect and non-functional state?

A: Protein synthesized by ribosomes associated with the membrane of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum…

Q: A nonapeptide was treated with dithiothreitol to reduce any disulfide bridges, then partially…

A: Amino acids are the basic unit of the peptide and proteins. They are joined via the peptide bonds to…

Q: A helical wheel is a two-dimensional representation of a helix, a view along its central axis  Use…

A: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.

Q: What are the FOUR ways that protein function is regulated (function turned ON/OFF).  Explain each.

A: Cells have proteins called receptors these receptors bind to signaling molecules and initiate a…

Q: What is the difference between the alpha-helix and the beta-sheet protein conformations?

A: Protein refers to the biomolecule formed by the association of amino acids. They are also called…

Q: The domain of a protien is approximately 350 residues in length. what is length (in A°) of this…

A: Proteins or peptides are the linear chains of amino acid sequences attached via peptide bonds. The…

Q: what is the difference of oxytocin and vasopressin in terms of amino acid

A: Oxytocin: a. It is a strong stimulant of uterine contraction, synthesized by the posterior pituitary…

Q: List three important distinctions between fibrous and globular proteins.

A: Fibrous proteins and globular proteins are the two primary types of the protein's tertiary…

Q: How does the structure of the protein in the aggregated form differ from that of the protein in its…

A: The protein which is responsible for the neuro-degenerative disease is PrPpc (prion protein).

Q: What is the difference between a phosphoester bondand a phosphodiester linkage?

A: The smallest particle of matter is called an atom. It is the very basic structural unit of any…

Q: Why should the BRCA1 protein be considered one of the best macromolecules within proteins? Is BRCA1…

A: The proteins encoded via the two main breast maximum cancers susceptibility genes are BRCA1 and…

Q: In sickle cell anemia, a hereditary disease, there is substitution of one amino acid by another in…

A: Sickle cell disease is a blood condition that is most commonly found in the people of African…

Q: B-sheets exist only in fibrous proteins. The a-helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds petween C=O and…

A: Protein is the abundant biomolecule present in the living system. It is a nitrogenous macromolecule…

Q: what is centrosome?

A: Centrosome is an organelle found in eukryotes mainly animal cells, fungi, and algae but absent in…

Q: what are the four levels of protein structure? what stabilizes each level of folding? what…

A: Proteins are a class of complex nitrogenous organic compounds, composed of amino acid residues…

Q: Which statement best describes the protein structure shown below?

A: Proteins are a type of biomolecules that are made up of amino acids. They perform variety of…

Q: At what level of protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary) will protein…

A: Proteins are large-sized heteropolymeric macromolecules having two or more polypeptide chains. They…

Q: what are three proteins that are abundantly present in ECM( Extracellular matrix)?

A: Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the three-dimensional network of macro molecules, which provide…

Q: What needs to happen to the polypeptide to form a protein?

A: Proteins are called the building blocks  of life. They are important biomolecule made up of amino…

Q: Which amino acids would you expect to find marked on the alpha helix? Alanine Isoleucine Leucine…

A: A prevalent motif in the secondary structure of proteins, the alpha helix (-helix) is a right-hand…

Q: What is the chemistry action of protease on gelatin?

A: Protease: It is a proteolytic enzyme that breaks down proteins into simpler compounds. It conducts…

Q: What types of amino acids are the least likely to be found in the center of a transmembrane protein?…

A: Biomolecules are organic molecules present in living organisms. Proteins are one of the major…

Q: What is binding energy? What do negative and less negative energies represent? How does this relate…

A: Binding energy is the amount of energy required to separate a system into its constituents. If we…

Q: What is the key structural difference between fibrous and globular proteins? How is it related, in…

A: Introduction: Proteins are the most bountiful natural atoms of the living framework. They are…

Q: Are peptide bonds free to rotate in folded protein? Can they be ionized at extreme pH values?

A: Proteins are composed of the linear chain of amino acid sequences attached together via peptide…

Q: In what important ways do the α helix and β sheet structures differ? (b) How are they similar?

A: Secondary structures of protein are local, regular structure of protein backbone which are…

Q: Why is a string of bound amino acids called a polypeptide?

A: Greek sources give the term protein, meaning first or primary. The most numerous and varied…

Q: What does the sequence of amino acids mean for the hydrophobicity and/or hydrophilicty of the…

A: Proteins are macromolecular compounds composed of amino acids. Twenty distinct amino acids are…

Q: What are relatively small proteins with a preponderance of the basic, positively charged amino acids…

A: Amino acid such as lysine, arginine, and histidine has basic positively charged groups in their side…

Nucleotides

It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). 

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.