Why are the following “effects” considered efficient market anomalies? Are there rational explanations for any of these effects?a. P/E effect.b. Book-to-market effect.c. Momentum effect.d. Small-firm effect.

Definition Definition Degree to which financial markets incorporate all available information into the prices of assets. In a more efficient market, the prices reflect the available information more than that in a weak efficient market. It is difficult for investors to outperform the market in a strong efficient market. This is because all the available information is already discounted in the asset's price. However, in a weak-form efficiency, the market does not reflect all information in the asset's price. As a result, it becomes easier to generate better returns in a weak form or an inefficient market.