Which type of magnetic material cannot be used to makepermanent magnets, a ferromagnetic substance, an antiferromagneticsubstance, or a ferrimagnetic substance?
Which type of magnetic material cannot be used to make
permanent magnets, a ferromagnetic substance, an antiferromagnetic
substance, or a ferrimagnetic substance?
Permanent Magnets
A magnet that retains its magnetic properties in the absence of an inducing field or current.
Ferromagnetic substance
Substances like Ni, Co, Gd, magnetite, dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium etc.
Ferromagnetic materials are those materials which exhibit a spontaneous net magnetization at the atomic level, even in the absence of an external magnetic field.
When placed in an external magnetic field, ferromagnetic materials are strongly magnetized in the direction of the field. Ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted to a magnet. These materials retain their magnetization for some time even after the external magnetizing field is removed.
Anti ferromagnetic substances
Substances like hematite, Cr, Alloy of Fe and Mn, NiO
Anti ferromagnetic substances are similar to ferromagnetism, in which magnetic domains line up in a regular pattern, but with neighbouring electron spins pointing in opposite directions; Materials showing this effect are either ferrimagnetic or diamagnetic, and become paramagnetic above the Neel temperature.
Ferromagnetic materials
Materials like cubic ferrits of iron oxides with other elements as Al, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn.
Ferrimagnetic material is material that has populations of atoms with opposing magnetic moments, as in antiferromagnetism. For ferrimagnetic materials these moments are unequal in magnitude so a Spontaneous magnetization remains.
Out of all ferromagnetic substance, an antiferromagnetic substance or a ferrimagnetic substance; antiferromagnetic compounds can't be used to make permanent magnets. This is so because, ferromagnetic substance are grouped into small regions called "domains". Each domain acts as a tiny magnet. These domains are randomly oriented. When substance is placed in a magnetic field and a strong get oriented in the direction of magnetic field and a strong mangetic field is produced. This ordering of domains persists even when the external magnetic field is removed. Hence, the ferromagnetic substance becomes a permanent magnet.
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