Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Analyzing and Predicting Spectroscopic Data
The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the structure of molecules in the sample and their study is referred spectroscopy. Several spectroscopic methods are used to acquire sample information, and these methods are proved to be accurate, fast, …
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**Title: Analyzing \(^{13}\)C NMR Spectra for Structural Determination** **Introduction:** Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool used to elucidate the structure of organic compounds. Here, we focus on \(^{13}\)C NMR spectroscopy, which provides insight into the chemical environment of carbon atoms in a molecule. **Problem 1: Identifying a Structure from \(^{13}\)C NMR Data** *Objective:* Determine which chemical structure corresponds to the given \(^{13}\)C NMR spectrum and identify which carbon atoms contribute to each signal. *Chemical Structures:* - The image depicts six different organic molecules, ranging from aldehydes and ketones to cyclic ethers and esters. *Spectrum Analysis:* The \(^{13}\)C NMR spectrum shows peaks at the following parts per million (ppm): - Around 200 ppm: Indicates the presence of a carbonyl (C=O) group. - Peaks observed at approximately 130 ppm and 120 ppm: Suggest the presence of aromatic carbons. - Peaks near 70 ppm and 50 ppm: Could represent carbons attached to oxygen or in cyclic systems. - The signal near 10-20 ppm: Likely corresponds to aliphatic carbons. **Problem 2: Substitution Pattern on Benzene** *Objective:* Use \(^{13}\)C NMR to determine the substitution pattern on the benzene ring of isopropyl nitrobenzene. Different substitution patterns will result in distinct chemical shifts. - **Substitution Patterns:** Possible patterns include ortho (1,2), meta (1,3), and para (1,4). *Spectrum Analysis:* The \(^{13}\)C NMR spectrum illustrating isopropyl nitrobenzene includes: - Peaks around 150 ppm and 130 ppm: Indicate aromatic carbons. - A peak near 30 ppm: Could result from the isopropyl group. - Signals at lower ppm values potentially indicate aliphatic components or further substitution effects. **Conclusion:** The task of matching NMR spectra to chemical structures involves understanding the electronic environment of carbon atoms. Peaks in higher ppm (like around 200 ppm) often signify deshielded, electronegative environments (such as carbonyl or carboxylate carbons), while lower ppm peaks pertain to more shielded, aliph
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Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Analyzing \(^{13}\)C NMR Spectra for Structural Determination** **Introduction:** Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool used to elucidate the structure of organic compounds. Here, we focus on \(^{13}\)C NMR spectroscopy, which provides insight into the chemical environment of carbon atoms in a molecule. **Problem 1: Identifying a Structure from \(^{13}\)C NMR Data** *Objective:* Determine which chemical structure corresponds to the given \(^{13}\)C NMR spectrum and identify which carbon atoms contribute to each signal. *Chemical Structures:* - The image depicts six different organic molecules, ranging from aldehydes and ketones to cyclic ethers and esters. *Spectrum Analysis:* The \(^{13}\)C NMR spectrum shows peaks at the following parts per million (ppm): - Around 200 ppm: Indicates the presence of a carbonyl (C=O) group. - Peaks observed at approximately 130 ppm and 120 ppm: Suggest the presence of aromatic carbons. - Peaks near 70 ppm and 50 ppm: Could represent carbons attached to oxygen or in cyclic systems. - The signal near 10-20 ppm: Likely corresponds to aliphatic carbons. **Problem 2: Substitution Pattern on Benzene** *Objective:* Use \(^{13}\)C NMR to determine the substitution pattern on the benzene ring of isopropyl nitrobenzene. Different substitution patterns will result in distinct chemical shifts. - **Substitution Patterns:** Possible patterns include ortho (1,2), meta (1,3), and para (1,4). *Spectrum Analysis:* The \(^{13}\)C NMR spectrum illustrating isopropyl nitrobenzene includes: - Peaks around 150 ppm and 130 ppm: Indicate aromatic carbons. - A peak near 30 ppm: Could result from the isopropyl group. - Signals at lower ppm values potentially indicate aliphatic components or further substitution effects. **Conclusion:** The task of matching NMR spectra to chemical structures involves understanding the electronic environment of carbon atoms. Peaks in higher ppm (like around 200 ppm) often signify deshielded, electronegative environments (such as carbonyl or carboxylate carbons), while lower ppm peaks pertain to more shielded, aliph
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