Air is made up mostly of N2 (MW = 28) and O2 (MW = 32). If these molecules share a container at the same temperature and pressure, which ones will generally be moving faster? Explain.
The Root Mean Square Velocity
The root mean squared velocity of a molecule of a gas is defined as the square root of the average velocity square of every molecule.
If be the velocity of molecules then the rms velocity is given as
The pressure exerted by the random movement of molecules of a gas whose density is is
Let us consider that one mole of a gas occupies volume, therefore for one mole the pressure exerted by the gas is
the molecular weight of the gas. We get
Then by ideal gas law equation for one mole
the universal gas constant and is the temperature of the gas.
Let us consider the temperature of the container be and one mole each of and occupies the container.
Given, the molecular weight of and
the molecular weight of
Therefore rms velocity of
and rms velocity of
Taking the ratio
This gives
This shows that rms velocity of nitrogen is greater and 1.07 times that of oxygen.
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