Which of the following types of antimicrobial drugs make microbes more susceptible to osmotic pressure? 1) drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis 2) drugs that inhibit metabolic pathways 3) drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis 4) drugs that block a pathogen's recognition of its host O 5) drugs that inhibit protein synthesis

list 3 different mechanisms of antibacterial drugs. Example: acting on cell wall, cell membrane, etc

Resistance to antimicrobial agents is more commonly seen in hospital-acquired infections with enteric bacteria than in community-based infections with the same species. Explain why this is so.

Which of the following is true of selective toxicity? O 1) It refers to the process of determining the correct dose of a particular drug O 2) To be effective, an antimicrobial agent must be more toxic to the patient than 2) the pathogen O 3) It contributes to antibiotic resistance O 4) It refers to the body's ability to protect the brain and eye 5) It takes advantage of metabolic and structural differences between host and pathogen

Broad-spectrum drugs target a wide variety of bacterial pathogens. Even when the broad-spectrum drug is capable of killing a target pathogen, it may not be the best treatment. Which statement best explains why a broad spectrum drug might be an undesirable treatment choice?   Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are usually toxic to the host cells. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials only work if they are used shortly after the infection begins. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials may kill much of the normal microbiota. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are not able to kill bacteria that are in their log phase of growth. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials may stimulate excess growth of the normal microbiota.

All of the following are examples of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance EXCEPT Tetracycline resistance by efflux pumps to pump antibiotic out of the cell Secretion of urease enzyme to produce ammonia (NH3) destroying mucous producing cells Enzymatic destruction of penicillin family antibiotics by beta-lactamases Alteration of tetrapeptide chains by Vancoycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Enzymatic modificaton of aminoglycosides to prevent antibiotic binding to the target molecule

Why do the penicillin and cephalosporin groups of drugs have mildertoxicity than other antibiotics? What are their primary side effects?

What makes bacterial diseases such as Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens & Clostridium tetani very effective to cause infection in a human host?

People once believed all microbial diseases would be controlled by the twenty-first century. Name at least two emerging infectious diseases. List three reasons why we are identifying new diseases now.

Make a list of three treatments for microbial illnesses.