### Question 12**Which of the following best describes the global commons?**- O Shared spaces and resources, such as the atmosphere, oceans, and outer space, that are crucial for all humanity.- O Areas of the Earth's surface that are not owned or controlled by any specific country.- O Protected areas and national parks designated for conservation purposes.- O International waters and the resources contained within them, beyond the jurisdiction of any single state. ### Question 11: What is the Kyoto Protocol?1. **A treaty established to regulate the international trade of endangered species.**2. **An international agreement aimed at combating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.** *(Correct option selected)*3. **A protocol designed to promote peace and security in the Middle East.**4. **A framework for global cooperation to address poverty and promote sustainable development.****Explanation:**The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997 and entered into force in 2005. Its main objective is to combat climate change by committing its parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the premise that global warming exists and human-made CO₂ emissions have caused it. This agreement sets binding emission reduction targets for developed countries, recognizing that they are principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity. The selection marked as the correct answer is therefore option 2.

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Which of the following best describes the global commons? O Shared spaces and resources, such as the atmosphere, oceans, and outer space, that are crucial for all humanity. O Areas of the Earth's surface that are not owned or controlled by any specific country. O Protected areas and national parks designated for conservation purposes. O International waters and the resources contained within them, beyond the jurisdiction of any single state.

Which of the following best describes the global commons? O Shared spaces and resources, such as the atmosphere, oceans, and outer space, that are crucial for all humanity. O Areas of the Earth's surface that are not owned or controlled by any specific country. O Protected areas and national parks designated for conservation purposes. O International waters and the resources contained within them, beyond the jurisdiction of any single state.