Which is the definition of 'retrograde' with respect to membrane trafficking?     movement from the endosome to the lysosome     movement from the ER to the Golgi to either the plasma membrane or the endosome/lysosome     movement from the cytoplasm to the nucleus     movement from the Golgi to the ER

If cells are treated with colchicine, a drug that promotes microtubule disassembly, the location of the ER and Golgi both change dramatically.  Rather than being spread out quite widely through the cytoplasm, the ER appears to collapse into the area near the nucleus. (Recall that the ER membrane and the outer nuclear envelope are continuous with one another). In contrast, the Golgi stacks disperse from their usually more compact, central location to areas all over the cell. However, if colchicine is removed, and microtubules are allowed to reassemble, both organelles eventually return to their normal distribution in the cells. How do you account for the change in distribution of the ER & Golgi when microtubules are depolymerized? What protein(s), other than tubulins, allow normal cellular organization to be restored once colchicine is removed? (answer should include information to explain both the ER & Golgi)

A toxin produced by a certain species of snail can interfere with the formation of the Golgi Apparatus. The toxin prevents the formation of the trans face of this organelle. This toxin would prevent                      . Group of answer choices Transport of lipids from the smooth ER to the Golgi Apparatus Digestion of malformed proteins by the lysosomes Transport of proteins to the plasma membrane for export out of the cell Reception of proteins from the rough ER

A vesicle that is created by the cell "eating" a large molecule from outside the cell is called a O endosome peroxisome phagosome lysosome

Trace the pathway of a protein embedded in the membrane from the nucleus to becoming part of the lysosome. Please number the steps in the order they occur in the cell. For full credit, you must describe each organelle and transport vesicle the product moves through and describe in detail how each organelle modifies the protein.

Which is NOT a general function of the cellular cytoskeleton?     Regulation of intracellular transport     Regulation of cell motility and cellular contraction     Assembly of DNA into chromatin     Separation of the chromosomes during mitosis     Structural support for the cell

Why do cancer cells treated with vitamin E succinate appear to be more vulnerable to rupture of their lysosomal membranes (and subsequent apoptosis) than normal cells? cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, which destabilizes the alkaline lysosomes cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, which destabilizes the acidic lysosomes cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, which destabilizes the alkaline lysosomes cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, which destabilizes the acidic lysosomes all of the above

Which of the following membrane components is found in the greatest abundance on the inner leaflet of eukaryotic vesicles produced for secretion by the Golgi apparatus? phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylserine cholesterol

Which of the following requires a specific interaction with the molecules or substance it is going to take into the cell? fluid-phase endocytosis transcytosis PRE pinocytosis phagocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis

Proteins destined for which of the following destinations are transported through vesicles/the Endomembrane system?  (i.e. not transported via post-translational import)