Principles of Modern Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Chapter3: Atomic Shells And Classical Models Of Chemical Bonding
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P: Before the element scandium was discovered in 1879, it was known as “eka-boron.” Predict the...
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Introduction
The atomic radius of a chemical element is a function of the overall of its atoms, typically the mean or normal distance from the middle of the nucleus to the border of the electron shells surrounding it. Although the boundary is not a well-defined physical object, there are different non-equivalent meanings of the atomic radius. Three commonly used concepts of atomic radius are: Van der Waals radius, ion radius, and covalent radius. Depending on the meaning, the term can refer either to isolated atoms, or to atoms in condensed matter, covalently bonding in molecules, or in ionized and excited states; and its value may be determined by means of experimental measurements.
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