Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134746241
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Examine Figure 3. Based on percent (%), which 2 vertebrate clades suffered the greatest extinctions?
**Figure 3. Extinction of Vertebrates during the Hangenberg Extinction Event of the Devonian Period.** This diagram illustrates the extinction patterns of various vertebrate groups from the Devonian to the Mississippian, highlighting the Hangenberg Extinction Event. The timeline is measured in millions of years ago (Ma), ranging from 390 Ma to 320 Ma. The Hangenberg Event, marked by a red arrow, occurred around 359 Ma. **Key to Vertebrate Groups:** - **A (Black):** Placoderms - **B (Dark Gray):** Acanthodians - **C (Medium Gray):** Chondrichthyans - **D (Light Gray):** Osteichthyans **Environmental Association:** - **Continental** (top section): Includes groups like Rhizodontida, Phyllolepida, and Platylipeida. - **Widespread** (middle section): Includes groups like Dipnoi, Climatitia, and Acanthodida. - **Marine** (bottom section): Includes groups like Ptyctodontida, Other Placodermi, and Symmoriiformes. **Group Extinctions:** - At the Hangenberg Event, various groups experienced significant extinction as denoted by †. - Placoderms (A) and some acanthodians (B) show extensive extinction. - While some chondrichthyans (C) persisted, others faced decline. - Osteichthyans (D), such as Actinopterygii, show resilience post-event. This extinction event delineates a significant shift in vertebrate diversification and dominance, as seen in the surviving lineages transitioning from the Devonian into the Mississippian period. *Source: Fiedman and Sallan (2012).*
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Transcribed Image Text:**Figure 3. Extinction of Vertebrates during the Hangenberg Extinction Event of the Devonian Period.** This diagram illustrates the extinction patterns of various vertebrate groups from the Devonian to the Mississippian, highlighting the Hangenberg Extinction Event. The timeline is measured in millions of years ago (Ma), ranging from 390 Ma to 320 Ma. The Hangenberg Event, marked by a red arrow, occurred around 359 Ma. **Key to Vertebrate Groups:** - **A (Black):** Placoderms - **B (Dark Gray):** Acanthodians - **C (Medium Gray):** Chondrichthyans - **D (Light Gray):** Osteichthyans **Environmental Association:** - **Continental** (top section): Includes groups like Rhizodontida, Phyllolepida, and Platylipeida. - **Widespread** (middle section): Includes groups like Dipnoi, Climatitia, and Acanthodida. - **Marine** (bottom section): Includes groups like Ptyctodontida, Other Placodermi, and Symmoriiformes. **Group Extinctions:** - At the Hangenberg Event, various groups experienced significant extinction as denoted by †. - Placoderms (A) and some acanthodians (B) show extensive extinction. - While some chondrichthyans (C) persisted, others faced decline. - Osteichthyans (D), such as Actinopterygii, show resilience post-event. This extinction event delineates a significant shift in vertebrate diversification and dominance, as seen in the surviving lineages transitioning from the Devonian into the Mississippian period. *Source: Fiedman and Sallan (2012).*
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