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- In the intestine, the triacylglycerols must be converted to fatty acids and glycerol by hydrolytic enzymes before transport into enterocytes. Afterward, fatty acids and glycerol are reconverted into triacylglycerols and then packaged into chylomicrons. Suggest why this energy-requiring process is used instead of a direct transport of triacylglycerols into enterocytes.Describe the main actions in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine during lipid digestion and absorption. Describe the substrate(s) and product(s) of each of the give major enzymes we discussed: lingual lipase, gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase, phospholipase A2, and carboxyl ester lipase. Describe emulsification of lipids. Why does this need to happen for digestion and absorption to occur? Describe how lipids are absorbed at the apical membrane. Describe lipid transport in the enterocyte. Describe lipid transport across the basolateral membrane and into circulation. Define the brain-gut axis and give examples of how lipids impact. Give examples of symptoms related to malabsorption of lipids. Give examples of diseases/conditions involving malabsorption of lipids.Identify the original site of these chemical secretions- these should be labeled on the diagram: Pepsin HCL (hydrochloric acid) Sucrase Lactase Maltase Bile Salivary amylase Pancreatic lipase Pancreatic amylase Aminopeptidase Sodium Bicarbonate Trypsin Carboxypeptidase Insulin Glucagon
- Chemically, Olestra is made of a six-carbon backbone and six fatty acid attachments. No nutrients are absorbed or processed by Olestra. In order to understand why olestra is not absorbed, you must first explain why. (b) How can olestra intake affect fat-soluble vitamin absorption?A person who is lactose intolerant must either avoid dairy products or they must take a digestive aid such as Lactaid. Please explain why dairy products create problems with digestion for a person like this.Describe the two fates of glycerol after it has been converted to an intermediate of glycolysis. Describe what happens to the level of blood lipids after a meal rich in fat. What happens to the products of triglyceride digestion as they pass into the cells of the intestinal mucosa?