When you look at a fish in a still stream from the bank, thefish appears shallower than it really is due to refraction.From directly above, it appears(a) deeper than it really is.(b) at its actual depth.(c) shallower than its real depth.(d) It depends on your height above the water

Jennifer stretches in front of the 2.0 m tall mirror in her hallway, aiming the green laser pointer at the angle 45 degrees below the horizontal and observes the reflection on the floor, distance x away. If the laser is initially 1.56 m above the ground and Jennifer is standing 1.56 m away from the mirror, how far away from the mirror is the spot on the floor? [note that x doesn't need to be smaller than d, it just happens to be in this sketch]| h d. x 2.0 m

An object surrounded by a translucent material with index of refraction greater than unity appears enlarged. This includes items such as plants or shells inside plastic or resin paperweights, as well as ancient bugs trapped in amber. Consider a spherical object in air with radius r fixed at the center of a sphere with radius R > r with refractive index n, as shown in Fig. When viewed from outside, the spherical object appears to have radius r′ > r. (a) Using right triangles found in the figure, write an expression for sin θa in terms of r and R. (b) Similarly, write an expression for sin θb in terms of r′ and R. (c) Using Snell’s law, derive an expression for r′ in terms of r, R, and n. (d) If the object is a spherical dandelion seed head with diameter 45.0 mm fixed at the center of a solidified resin sphere with radius 80.0 mm and index of refraction 1.53, what diameter will the seed head appear to have when viewed from outside?

1. Consider a cuboid made of crown glass which has inner space filled with water. A ray of light is incident onto the 10 cm thick block of glass on the top face of the cuboid at 60◦ from the normal. It then meets the glass-water boundary and is refracted again and continues through a water thickness of 5 cm before reaching another water-glass boundary. The ray of light is again refracted and continues in the 10 cm thick block of glass on the base of the cuboid and eventually exits into air. (a) Draw a clearly labelled diagram of the path the ray of light takes. (b) Calculate all the angles of refraction and incidence at each boundary. (c) Calculate the optical path of the ray of light from the point it is incident on the surface of the cuboid to the point it exits into air on the other end.

(a) An opaque cylindrical tank with an open top has a diameter of 2.60 m and is completely filled with water. When the afternoon sun reaches an angle of 31.5° above the horizon, sunlight ceases to illuminate any part of the bottom of the tank. How deep is the tank (in m)? 4 Determine how the depth of the tank is related to the angle of refraction for the geometry described in the question. Drawing a diagram may be helpful. Then apply Snell's law to find the angle of refraction and use it to determine the depth of the water in the tank. m (b) What If? On winter solstice in Seattle, the sun reaches a maximum altitude of 19° above the horizon. What would the depth of the tank have to be (in m) for the sun not to illuminate the bottom of the tank on that day? m

A slab of glass that has an index of refraction of 1.5 is submerged in water that has an index of refraction of 1.33. Light in the water is incident on the glass. (i) Find the angle of refraction if the angle of incidence is (a) 600, (b) 450, and (c) 300 (ii) Repeat Problem number 4 for a beam of light initially in the glass that is incident on the glass−water interface at the same angles.

Red light is incident in air on a 30° -60° - 90 ° prism as shown. The incident beam is directed at an angle of ₁ = 40.20 with respect to the horizontal and enters the prism at a height h = 20 cm above the base. The beam leaves the prism to the air at a distance d = 54.2 along the base as shown. 45.66 1.36 30⁰ 1) What is 2, the angle the beam in the prism makes with the horizontal axis? 71.9 d degrees Submit 2) What is n, the index of refraction of the prism for red light? dviolet d Submit Submit 02 3) What is 3, the angle the transmitted beam makes with the horizontal axis? h degrees Submit 03 degrees Submit (+) 4) What is 41,max, the maximum value of 1 for which the incident beam experiences total internal reflection at the horizontal face of the prism? degrees Submit + + 5) The red beam is now replaced by a violet beam that is incident at the same angle 1 and same height h. The prism has an index of refraction nviolet = 1.46 for violet light. Compare dviolet, the exit distance for…

There is an interesting optical effect you have likely noticed while driving along a flat stretch of road on a sunny day. A small, distant dip in the road appears to be filled with water. You may even see the reflection of an oncoming car. But, as you get closer, you find no puddle of water after all;the shimmering surface vanishes, and you see nothing but empty road. It was only a mirage, the name for this phenomenon. The mirage is due to the different index of refraction of hot and cool air. The actual bending of the light rays that produces the mirage is subtle, but we can make a simple model as follows. When air is heated, its density decreases and so does its index of refraction. Consequently, a pocket of hot air in a dip in a road has a lower index of refraction than the cooler air above it. Incident light rays with large angles of incidence (that is, nearly parallel to the road, as shown) experience total internal reflection. The mirage that you see is due to thisreflection. As…