When you exercise, your heart speeds up, and a greater volume of blood is pumped around the body to meet demands. Both heart rate and stroke volume are affected by changes in blood gases, blood pressure, temperature and movement. Make reference to the following to help structure your answer: Inputs: • Chemoreceptors • Stretch receptors • Thermoreceptors • Pressure receptors How the information is processed by the brain Effectors – what nerves regulate heart rate in response to changes in each direction. Explain this concept in no more than 300 words. You must make reference to the nervous

When you exercise, your heart speeds up, and a greater volume of blood is pumped around the body to meet demands. Both heart rate and stroke volume are affected by changes in blood gases, blood pressure, temperature and movement. Make reference to the following to help structure your answer: Inputs: • Chemoreceptors • Stretch receptors • Thermoreceptors • Pressure receptors How the information is processed by the brain Effectors – what nerves regulate heart rate in response to changes in each direction. Explain this concept in no more than 300 words. You must make reference to the nervous

Biomedical Instrumentation Systems

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133478294

Author:Chatterjee

Publisher:Chatterjee

Chapter9: Instrumentation In Blood Circulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4RT

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When you exercise, your heart speeds up, and a greater volume of blood is pumped around the body to meet demands. Both heart rate and stroke volume are affected by changes in blood gases, blood pressure, temperature and movement. Make reference to the following to help structure your answer: Inputs: Chemoreceptors Stretch receptors Thermoreceptors Pressure receptors How the information is processed by the brain Effectors – what nerves regulate heart rate in response to changes in each direction. Explain this concept in no more than 300 words. You must make reference to the nervous system in the control of these events.
During rhythmic, moderately intense aerobic exercise, there is a redistribution of blood flow throughout the body. Which of the following statements is true? O beta-2 receptors cause dilation and increased blood flow to the exercising muscle there is a large increase in blood flow to the brain to keep you alert mean arterial pressure increases 5-8x due to a similar increase in total cardiac output blood flow to the kidneys and gut increases due to the presence of alpha-2 receptors
In conditioned athletes, the resting Heart Rate is generally much lower than in non-athletes. Why? a-because long-term exercise reduces Cardiac Output at rest to conserve energy b-because athletes have a smaller Stroke Volume at rest, causing Heart Rate to decrease as well c-because long-term exercise leads to increased vagal tone which slows Heart Rate d-because athletes have stronger ventricles and therefore a larger Stroke Volume at rest, so they require fewer bpm to achieve the same Cardiac Output
Caffeine lowers the heart rate by increasing rates of depolarization at the SA node True False Nicotine raises the heart rate because it stimulates the activity of the sympathetic neurons in medulla oblongata True False The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that the force of heart contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of the muscle fiber, within optimal limits of length True False If the sarcomeres stretched beyond the optimal length, the force of contraction would go down, but that can potentially happen only during open heart surgery when the heart is not constrained by the pericardium, lungs, ribs and diaphragm. True False It is the Na+ channel-driven spontaneous depolarization that is affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to speed up or slow down the firing rate of the SA node and other conductive cells. True False
Which of the following statements best describes the actions of adrenoceptor agonists or antagonists? β-Adrenoceptor agonists are used clinically to treat different cardiovascular conditions, including heart failure. α-Adrenoceptor antagonists are used clinically to treat glaucoma. β-Adrenoceptor antagonists are used clinically to treat different cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension. α-Adrenoceptor agonists are used clinically to acutely reduce blood pressure.
If you were running late for lab and had to run to get there on time, the sympathetic neurons of your autonomic nervous system were likely activated and releasing norepinephrine; what immediate effect might this have had on the blood pressure measured in your brachial artery? Increased stroke volume and heart rate to decrease blood pressure Increased stroke volume and heart rate to increase blood pressure Decreased stroke volume and heart rate to decrease blood pressure Decreased stroke volume and heart rate to increase blood pressure DERMA person
In which of the following situations is calcium moving through a channel in the pacemaker membrane driven by concentration but against charge? O during the repolarization phase of the action potential, just before the channel closes O during the depolarization phase of the action potential, just after the channel opens O never O at all times that sodium is moving through the membrane O during the repolarization phase of the action potential, just after the channel opens O during the depolarization phase of the action potential, just before the channel closes O during the pacemaker potential, just before the funny channel closes
When the alary muscles contract, the hemolymph is forced through the aorta into the head. Upon relaxation, the hemolymph enters the heart through the ostia. Once the hemolymph leaves the aorta, it fills the perineural and perivisceral sinuses, bathing the internal organs at the same time. Present your understanding of this concept through a diagram in the activity worksheet.
Decreasing blood pressure to the Aortic Arch & Carotid Sinuses should reflexly: decrease heart rate & increase stroke volume increase vascular resistance & decrease heart rate decrease stroke volume & decrease vascular resistance A. B. C. D. increase cardiac output & increase vascular resistance Using the Baro-receptor feedback mechanism, the parasysmpathetic nervous system can affect which of the following variables to adjust blood pressure? A. heart rate stroke volume vascular resistance B. C. D. contractility An individual possessing only the A & B antigens is said to be of which blo fype? A. A+ В. AB+ С. AB- D.
Which of the following statements best describes the differences in the regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction? The amount of contractile force actively generated by muscle cells is increased by stretch in skeletal muscle and decreased by stretch in cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is stimulated by motor neurons and skeletal muscle by neurones from the autonomic nervous system. Skeletal muscle contractile force is augmented by increasing the firing frequency of action potentials whereas cardiac muscle contractile force is enhanced by noradrenaline increasing calcium influx through ion channels. Ryanodine receptors in skeletal muscle are opened by a mechanism that requires calcium influx whereas in cardiac muscle membrane depolarisation alone without calcium influx is sufficient to open ryanodine receptors.
Sue goes to the gym and after an initial warm-up, she increases her exercise level pushing herself to maximum. At this point her heart rate is 175 beats/min and her stroke volume is 135 ml/beat. What is her cardiac output now? At this point, by how many ml/min has her CO increased over her resting CO? What % increase over resting is this? (Use the following equation). amount of increase in CO in ml/min % increase = _____________ X 100% original CO (resting) ml/min What term is used to describe this increase in CO?
Scenario: A patient arrives at the clinic complaining of an increased heart rate and is feeling some nausea. Multiple tests are performed and an ECG reveals that the patient has abnormal P waves and an unusually fast heart rate. Their blood pressure is also found to be high. Question Stem: If the patient is experiencing increased venous return, what does this tell us about their cardiac output or stroke volume? Answers A - D A Their cardiac output is unaffected and neither is stroke volume Their cardiac output should increase Stroke volume is affected but not cardiac output Their cardiac output should decrease