When we say something is a "process," what exactly do we mean? How do different operating systems portray processes?

What do you feel are the limitations of a computer that has no operating system? Howwould a user load and execute a program?2. If you were writing code for a real-time operating system, what restrictions might you wantto impose on the system?3. What is the difference between multiprogramming and multiprocessing?Multiprogramming and multithreading?4. Under what circumstances is it desirable to collect groups of processes and programs intosubsystems running on a large computer? What advantages would there be to creatinglogical partitions on this system?

How do the benefits of operating system abstraction present themselves, and which are the most important?

The operating system's architecture is organised in this manner. What are the pros and downsides of this approach? The use of a picture to help explain your idea makes it easier for the reader to take in and remember.