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Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134477961
Author: Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher: PEARSON
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
Transcribed Image Text:When Socrates was imprisoned for being a disturbing influence, he was held in high
esteem by his guards. All four of them hoped that something would occur that would facilitate
his escape. One evening, the guard who was on duty intentionally left the cell door open so
that Socrates could leave.
Socrates did not attempt to escape but the open door was considered by the authorities to be a
serious breach of security. It is unclear who was on duty that evening. In the testimony of the
investigation, each guard makes two statements:
A: 1. I did not leave the door open.
2. C was the one who did it.
B: 1. I was not the one on duty that evening.
2. A was on duty.
C: 1. B was the one who was on duty that evening.
2. I hoped Socrates would escape.
D: 1. I did not leave the door open.
2. I am not surprised that Socrates did not try to escape.
Assuming that one of the guards is guilty and that exactly three statements are true and the
other five are false, deduce which of the guards left the door open. Given the fact that the
guards make a total of eight utterances, a truth-table analysis of this problem is potentially very
large. Fortunately, many of the distinct statements express the same proposition, and only five
distinct propositions are involved. Also, the assumption about the total number of true and
false statements further simplifies the problem. Note that it may not be directly deducible from
the testimony whether a given statement is true or false.
Guilty A. 1 A.2 B.1 B.2 C.1 C.2 D.1 D.2
A
B
C
D
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