A. Distinguish between the dominant and recessive traits. B. State two laws of heredity that were developed from Mendel's work. Be sure you can explain them. C. Explain the difference between a gene and an allele. D. Describe how Mendel's results can be explained by scientific knowledge of genes. E. Use a Punnett square to predict the results of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. F. Differentiate between a monohybrid and dihybrid cross.
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
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. When Mendel crossed a large number of tall pea plants with short pea plants, all F1 plants were tall. The F2 generation was created by self-pollinating the F1 plants.
- Complete a genetic cross of F2 to show the genotypes and
phenotypes of the offspring.
- State the ratio of phenotypes expected in the F2 offspring.
Mendel’s First Law of inheritance states that, “…the alleles of a given locus segregate into separate gametes.” Explain how the genetic diagram above proves this law. (AC 2.1)
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