When mathematical models are used to describe process dynamics in conjunction with control system analysis, the models generally involve linear differential equations. _______ are very effective for solving linear differential equations.

Model the following data using an exponential function of the form f(x) = Ab". You need to do this rigorously, that is, set up a system of equations, and solve it to get A and b. Getting the right answer by guessing will earn no credit. (a) f(x) is exponential and goes through the points (1, 2) and (4,6). (b) f(x) is exponential and goes through the points (2, 75) and (5, 9375).

Population equilibria can be stable or unstable. If, when a population deviates a bit from the equilibrium value (as populations inevitably do), it tends to return to it, this is a stable equilibrium; if, however, when the population deviates from the equilibrium it tends to diverge from it even further, this is an unstable equilibrium. Think of a ball in the pocket of a snooker table versus a ball balanced on a snooker cue. Unstable equilibria are a feature of Allee effect models such as the following. dN Use a phase portrait of the autonomous equation above to determine whether the nonzero equilibria that you found in question (2) are stable or unstable. (Hint: See Section 2.1 of the text. List the equilibria according to their stability. Enter your answers as comma-separated lists. If there are no equilibria in a certain category, enter NONE.) stable N = unstable N =

How does the discrete logistic growth model (Ricker) vary from that of deterministic form? Are there differences in the predictions as the input parameters change? K= 300 r= 0.5 N= 5 Time= 50