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- The physiological mechanisms which have caused respiratory rate to change during exercise. Before exercise Results are: RR 14 bpm, SpO2 98%, BP 130/70 mmHg (Mean arterial pressure 90 mmHg), HR 74 bpm. No cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. After exercise respiratory rate is now 20 bpm, her SpO2 is 100% on room air, BP is 140/80 mmHg (Mean arterial pressure 100 mmHg), and HR is 90 bpm. Breathing deeply and using accessory muscles.Explain how the following factors affect HR, SV and CO. Will it a.) Increase; b.) Decrease; c.) Stay the same Factor HR SV CO Increased venous return Exercise Increased Calcium Decreased Heart Rate Increased Sympathetic ActivityVO2 calculation scenario: Body mass= 102 kg, HR= 180 beats/min, SV= 110 ml blood/beat, venous oxygen content = 4 ml O2/100 ml blood. What is the VO2 (ml O2/kg/min) for this scenario? (round to the nearest tenth). Remember your answer, as you will be asked to interpret this VO2 in another question. a. 31.1 b. 776.5 c. 3.5 d. 221.8 e. 7.8
- An average adult inhales a volume of 0.50 X 10-3 m3 of air with each breath. If the air is warmed from room temperature (20 °C = 293 K) to body temperature (37 °C = 310 K) while in the lungs, what is the volume of the air exhaled?during exercise what organ is most responsible for the increased production of carbon dioxide? Brain, skeletal muscles, or heart.When compared to a blood sample from a normally breathing person, a person with pulmonary disease resulting in reduced alveolar ventilation would show: Select one: Oa. elevated plasma pCO2, increased plasma HCO3 and lower pH O b decreased plasma pCO2, decreased plasma HCO3 and lower pH Oc. elevated plasma pCO2, increased plasma HCO3 and higher pH Od. elevated plasma pCO2, decreased plasma HCO3 and lower pH elevated plasma pCO2, decreased plasma HCO3 and higher pH
- Using the normal arterial blood gas values (pH = 7.35-7.45; Paco2 = 35-45 mm Hg; HCO3- = 22-26 mEq/L), identify both the primary disturbance and the degree of compensation for these three arterial blood gas readings: (a) pH = 7.20 (b) pH = 7.20 (c) pH = 7.36 Paco2 = 35 mm Hg Paco2 = 25 mm Hg Paco2 = 20 mm Hg [HCO3-] = 17 mEq/L [HCO3-] = 17 mEq/L [HCO3-] = 17 mEq/LTable 1: Arterial blood gas concentration in patient Two hours after aspirin ingestion Ten hours after aspirin ingestion Normal values Partial Pressure CO2 26 mm Hg 19 mm Hg 35-45 mm Hg Partial Pressure O2 113 mm Hg 143 mm Hg 75-100 mm Hg Bicarbonate [HCO;] 18 mM 21 mM 22-26 mM pH 7.44 7.55 7.35-7.45 Blood salicylate concentration, mg/dL 57 117You decide to cure your hiccups by breathing into a paper bag. Assumethat the bag is initially filled with 500 ml air (referenced to BTP) havingthe ambient air composition given in Table. Assume a breathing rateof 12 breaths/min, a CO2 production rate of 235 ml/min at BTP, and anO2 consumption rate of 284 ml/min at BTP. You can also assume that youbegin by inhaling all the air in the bag (i.e., tidal volume is 500 ml for thefirst breath), and that on each subsequent breath you increase your tidalvolume so as to completely empty the bag on inhalation. Compute the CO2concentration (as a percentage) in the bag after exhalation on the 10th breath.Although not particularly realistic, you can assume that the normal amountof CO2 is transferred from the lungs to the expelled air with every breath,even though the CO2 concentration in the bag is continually increasing
- When the drug theophylline is administered for asthma, a concentration below 5 mg/L has little effect and undesirable side-effects appear if the concentration exceeds 20 mg/L. For a body that weighs W kg, the concentration when M mg is present is 2M/W mg/L and the constant that measures the rapidity at which the concentration falls is T = 6 h. If a 500-mg tablet of the drug is taken by a person weighing 70 kg, after how many hours should the second dose be taken so as to prevent the drug from falling below the effective concentration? About 6 hours Once a day About 12 hours O About 8 hoursFluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray Use two sprays in each nostril QD for 30 days. How many mcg of the nasal spray will be used in a month supply? Hint: Find out how many mcg of medication are in one sprayThere is a theory that suggests a patient with COPD might have a depression of ventilation following administration of high fiO2. Which of the following best summarizes the recommendations on how to address this concern? A. Never administer supplemental oxygen to patients with COPD as the risk of them stopping breathing is too great B. Treat acute hypoxemia with oxygen, but wean the oxygen as soon as possible C. Always double filter oxygen being delivered to a patient with COPD to ensure there are no particles that may be breathed in D. Supplement oxygen therapy with medical grade carbon dioxide to maintain dr to breathe