what type of intermolecular forces exist between the side chains of each of the following pairs of amino acid: a. isoleucine and valine b. threonine and phenylalanine c. lys and glu d. arg and asp

Explain what happens if even one amino acid is substituted for another in a polypeptide chain. Provide a specific example.

Describe the four levels of protein structure. How do a proteins side groups influence its interactions with other substances? What happens when a protein is denatured?

Figure 3.5 What kind of sugars are these, aldose or ketose?

The monomers that make up proteins are called_____. a. nucleotides b. disaccharides c. amino acids d. chaperones

RNA differs from DNA in that the base _______________ is substituted for _______________. (a) adenine; uracil (b) uracil; thymine (c) guanine; uracil (d) cytosine; guanine (e) guanine; adenine

A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence: 5AUGACGUAUAACUUU3 What is the anticodon for each codon? What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide? (Use Figure 13-5 to help answer this question.) Figure 13-5 The genetic code The genetic code specifies all possible combinations of the three bases that compose codons in mRNA. Of the 64 possible codons, 61 specify amino acids (see Figure 3-17 for an explanation of abbreviations). The codon AUG specifies the amino acid methionine and also signals the ribosome to initiate translation (start). Three codonsUAA, UGA, and UAGdo not specify amino acids; they terminate polypeptide synthesis (stop).

How does RNA differ from DNA?

If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?

Figure 3.23 Which categories of amino acid would you expect to find on the surface of a soluble protein, and which would you expect to find in the interior? What distribution of amino acids would you expect to find in a protein embedded in a lipid bilayer?